Abstract: The present invention is a method and measurement apparatus for measuring the profile of a railway wheel while the railway wheel is in rolling motion on a rail. The railway wheel has a gage side and a field side and a circumferentially defined running surface and flange. The measurement apparatus comprises a first sensor means that is disposed on the field side of the railway wheel and which is disposed at an included angle with respect to the rail that is less than orthogonal senses the profile of the running surface and flange of the railway wheel at a point on the circumference. A second sensor means is disposed on the gage side of the railway wheel and senses selected wheel parameters. A controller is operably communicatively coupled to the first and second sensor means.