Abstract: A sensor array with a pulse echo radar system with which a carrier signal of a microwave transmitter oscillator is transmitted in the form of pulses with a specified pulse repetition frequency in a transmission window. This radar signal is reflected from a target object and the position of the target object is calculated in a mixer from the times of transmission of the pulse to the arrival of the reflected radiation. An array of several transmitter and receiver units with switches are constructed in which the stochastic pulse sequences of each transmission window in each receiver branch are known and the transmitter and receiver units are linked to one another so that in each of the receiver branches the stochastic pulse sequences of each transmission window are detected separately and thereby the cross echoes may also be analyzed.

Abstract: The signal echo monitoring device includes a transmitting unit (5) for broadcasting a transmitted signal (s(t)) which is a group of randomly generated pulses, a receiving unit (6) for receiving an echo signal (e(t)), reflected by an object (12), of the transmitted signal and a combined control and evaluation unit (2) including a device (10) for jointly evaluating the transmitted signal (s(t)) and the echo signal (e(t)) with an integrated adaptive filter (14). The adaptive filter (14) automatically calibrates its impulse response b(t) and may be a digital filter.

Abstract: A sensor array with a pulse echo radar system with which a carrier signal of a microwave transmitter oscillator (2) is transmitted in the form of pulses with a specified pulse repetition frequency in a transmission window. This radar signal is reflected from a target object and the position of the target object is calculated in a mixer (7) from the times of transmission of the pulse to the arrival of the reflected radiation. An array of several transmitter and receiver units (11, 20, 30, 40) with switches (R1, R2, R3, R4) can be constructed in which the stochastic pulse sequences of each transmission window in each receiver branch (7, 9, 10) are known and the transmitter and receiver units (11, 20, 30, 40) are linked to one another in such a way that in each of the receiver branches (7, 9, 10) the stochastic pulse sequences of each transmission window are detected separately and thereby the cross echoes can also be analyzed.

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are used for processing data having multiple possible values, for example, gray-scale values of pixels of an image. This is useful in scanning of digitally-coded image data to detect anomalies, for example defects in some of a series of manufactured products. The preferred processing apparatus has either one processing channel or multiple parallel processing channels. The apparatus samples or scans incoming signals to produce a matrix of scan values, selects subsets of the scan values to define samples, extracts at least one feature, such as mean image brightness (MM), activity (MA), gradient absolute value (MG) and/or gradient direction (MD) from each sample, uses the at least one feature as an address to retrieve, from a table, a corresponding probability-of-occurrence value, derives, from the probability-of-occurrence values of a plurality of the samples, a decision value, and compares the decision value with a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A method for the adaptive quantization of the range of input values on the basis of the histogram method for estimating density. Input values are read-in and assigned to a quantization of the range of input values. From the distribution of the input values, a density-estimate function is determined which is transformed into a monotonically rising mapping function. The range of values of the mapping function is divided into equally sized sub-ranges which are translated into corresponding partitions in the range of input values. A new quantization of the range of input values is achieved which distributes the limited number of partitions so that a large number of small partitions are assigned to ranges of large fluctuations in the input-value distribution, and a small number of large partitions are assigned to ranges of small fluctuations in the input-value distribution.