Abstract: A new subjective phorometer which can be a desk-type one in which all the measuring means are set on the desk plate and all the procedures for measuring vision data of eyes are carried out by control switches on the desk, and all the data measured are displayed digitally on a monitor, and printed out.The subjective phorometer comprises (1) the same measuring elements as conventional subjective phorometers, (2) a number of pulse motors, electro-magnetic clutches having a double-shafts mechanism, and direct current motors for driving the measuring elements and a number of sensors for detecting the zero position of the measuring elements, (3) a central processing unit and control switches for control driving of the pulse-motors, electro-magnetic clutches, and direct current motors, and (4) a monitor for displaying digitally the vision data measured, and (5) a printer for printing the data.

Abstract: An improved automatic lens grinding machine and process for shaping lenses to fit any particular glasses frame.The machine includes a recording assembly by which the pattern of a glasses frame which will hold a lens is recorded on a heat or photosensitive substrate. The paper and lens are mounted on a carriage assembly which is movable into and out of a grinding position adjacent a grinding assembly. When positioned in the grinding position, grinding is under control of a scanner assembly and a control circuit.

Abstract: An improved lensmeter comprising a conventional optical system and a novel displaying system. The displaying system includes a linear encoder producing two sets of pulse signals equivalent to the distance and direction of linear movement of the target and circuitry for converting the two sets of pulse signals to a dioptral number of digits, and displaying it. The dioptral number has a plus or minus sign and precision of 0.125 or 0.06 diopters. The displaying system also includes two circuits for displaying at the same time "the power of the sphere" (S) and "the power of the cylinder" (C) of an astigmatic lens respectively as a dioptral number of digits, a rotary encoder and circuitry for displaying "the direction of axis of the cylinder" (Ax) as an angular degree of digits, a (C) sign transposing circuit, and a cylinder form transposing circuit.

Abstract: A drilling machine comprising an article holding device and two drilling devices, being characterized that each drilling device has one drill turning in the same direction at a synchronized speed, each drill approaching to or separating from each other symmetrically to make a hole from both sides of a rigid and fragile article made of glass or ceramic e.g. lenses of spectacles at the same time, and that the hole is chamfered and further a groove for fixing the article to the frame is made on the article, as required.

Abstract: An improved automatic lens grinding machine and process for shaping lenses to fit any particular glasses frame.The machine includes a recording assembly by which the pattern of a glasses frame which will hold a lens is recorded on a heat or photosensitive substrate. The paper and lens are mounted on a carriage assembly which is movable into and out of a grinding position adjacent a grinding assembly. When positioned in the grinding position, grinding is under control of a scanner assembly and a control circuit.

Abstract: A servo system to permit the lens finishing for example, corresponding to a registered pattern and permit such finishing at desired pressure, etc. for the conveniences of the easy and effective grinding and finishing, in a manner that the detectors supply to the lower and upper limit voltage comparators the detectors outputs, which are then supplied to the logic circuits as well as the outputs for the servo-driving and the outputs from flip-flops, so that the servo motor rotates in normal and/or reverse directions.