Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods for modifying empathy in a subject, such as a human, by modulating type 2 theta oscillations in a brain region of the subject. The methods include increasing empathy in a subject, such as a human, by increasing type 2 theta oscillations in a brain region of the subject, thereby increasing empathy in the subject. The human subject may have a psychiatric or neurological condition that causes suboptimal empathy. Modulating type 2 theta oscillations in a brain region of a subject can be accomplished by optogenetic treatment, electric stimulation of a brain region, administration of a pharmaceutical drug, or a combination thereof. Also provided are systems for performing the methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a brain stimulating device and, particularly, relates to a brain stimulating device comprising: a brainwave measurement unit for outputting a brainwave signal; and a stimulation unit for applying spindle-like stimulation to a brain in accordance with the generation of slow oscillation included in the brainwave signal. The brain stimulating device according to the present invention can reinforce memory or reduce memory deterioration due to dementia. Also, the brain stimulating device according to the present invention can reinforce hippocampus-dependent memory. Further, a portable device according to the present invention can control and monitor the brain stimulating device. Moreover, a method for assessing the performance of the brain stimulating device according to the present invention can assess the performance of the brain stimulating device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a brain stimulating device and, particularly, relates to a brain stimulating device comprising: a brainwave measurement unit for outputting a brainwave signal; and a stimulation unit for applying spindle-like stimulation to a brain in accordance with the generation of slow oscillation included in the brainwave signal. The brain stimulating device according to the present invention can reinforce memory or reduce memory deterioration due to dementia. Also, the brain stimulating device according to the present invention can reinforce hippocampus-dependent memory. Further, a portable device according to the present invention can control and monitor the brain stimulating device. Moreover, a method for assessing the performance of the brain stimulating device according to the present invention can assess the performance of the brain stimulating device.

Abstract: Novel benzoarylureido compounds and a use thereof for prevention and/or treatment of the neurodegenerative brain disease are provided. The neurodegenerative brain diseases may include Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyloidosis, Pick's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, Huntington's disease, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel, elastic, biocompatible, micro-sized, polyimide-based multi-channel microelectrode for recording of electroencephalography (EEG) from a laboratory animal including mouse, and a method for recording of laboratory animal EEG using the microelectrode. The microelectrode may include 2 grounding electrodes and 32 recording electrodes. A connector for signal transmission easily connects the microelectrode to a signal acquiring apparatus. The total weight of the microelectrode, including the connector, does not exceed 150 mg. Laboratory animal EEG, including that of mouse, provides the advantage of monitoring the brain state of a freely moving animal following a genetic or pharmaceutical manipulation. The microelectrode can be implanted without surgery and may be detached from wires while EEG is not recorded from the laboratory animal.

Abstract: A polymer linear actuator for a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) and a micro manipulator for a measurement device of cranial nerve signal using the same are provided. The polymer linear actuator has first and second bodies positioned spaced apart to a distance from each other, and one or more pairs of V-type moving units connecting the first and second bodies together, wherein the moving units in pair are opposed to each other to convert a rotation motion of the respective moving units into a linear motion, thereby causing the first and second bodies to move linearly.

Abstract: The multi-selective micromanipulator has a main mover which moves linearly or rotationally with respect to an axis, an actuator which moves the main mover, a projection which is formed on the main mover, and a plurality of submovers which the projection selectively contacts depending on the movement of the main mover, wherein a selected submover is linearly moved by the projection in a direction parallel to the axis direction.

Abstract: A tetrode for measuring bio-signals, the tetrode including four electrodes which extend in a lengthwise direction of the tetrode and are symmertrically arranged; and an insulation layer which surrounds the four electrodes to insulate the electrodes from each others. A method of manufacturing a tetrode for measuring bio-signals, the method including forming a first insulation layer; forming first and second electrodes on the first insulation layer and forming a second insulation layer on the first and second electrodes; and forming third and fourth electrodes on the second insulation layer and forming a third insulation layer on the third and fourth electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for stimulating the brain and measuring the light induced neuronal activity including a signal application unit which applies a signal to a living tissue to stimulate the neuronal cells in the living tissue; an electrode unit which detects an electrophysiological signal of the neuronal cell in response to the signal; and an insulation unit which controls an impedance of the electrode unit. The signal application unit is formed integrally with the electrode unit, so that the site where the signal is applied to the living tissue is approximated to the site where the response to the stimulation is measured.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for stimulating living body including a light source unit which irradiates an optical signal for generating an electrical signal; a photovoltaic cell unit which generates an electrical signal using a received optical signal; and an electrode unit which stimulates living body using the electrical signal, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit and the electrode unit are implanted in the living body. The apparatus for stimulating living body may be manufactured in a flexible form, so that it may extend the range of choice for site to be implanted for the apparatus. Further, the adoption of the photovoltaic cell unit avoids the need of surgical operation for the change of battery.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel imidazolylalkylcarbonyl derivatives useful as calcium channel modulators and a preparation method of the same. Also disclosed is a method for the treatment of diseases by administering the above compounds based on their inhibitory activity against calcium channel.

Abstract: A tetrode for measuring bio-signals, the tetrode including four electrodes which extend in a lengthwise direction of the tetrode and are symmertrically arranged; and an insulation layer which surrounds the four electrodes to insulate the electrodes from each others. A method of manufacturing a tetrode for measuring bio-signals, the method including forming a first insulation layer; forming first and second electrodes on the first insulation layer and forming a second insulation layer on the first and second electrodes; and forming third and fourth electrodes on the second insulation layer and forming a third insulation layer on the third and fourth electrodes.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a micro manipulator having a simple structure and having high possibility of recording a biological signal of a neuron at a desired position by improving positioning resolution of an electrode disposed adjacent to a subject's brain neuron or an electrode holder attached with the electrode. The micro manipulator according to the disclosure includes: a motor which includes a shaft and a vibration portion; a mobile which is connected to the shaft so as to be movable along the shaft; and a frame which supports the motor, wherein an electrode is connected to the mobile in a direction parallel to a longitudinal direction of the shaft, and wherein when the mobile moves linearly in accordance with a vibration of the shaft due to the vibration portion, the electrode moves linearly.

Abstract: A photostimulation apparatus may include: a membrane for insertion into a living body; and at least one cell disposed on the membrane. Each cell may include a first light source for irradiating light to a photosensitive material in the living body. Further, a photostimulation apparatus may include: a membrane for insertion into a living body; and at least one first light source disposed on the membrane for irradiating light to a photosensitive material in the living body. Since the photostimulation apparatus is placed on the surface of cortex or dura, it may minimize damage of the brain tissue and may activate and/or inhibit a large area simultaneously using light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising PKC agonist as an active ingredient. More precisely, the present inventors confirmed that absence seizure specific SWD was reduced by administrating PKC agonist into an animal model. Therefore, the composition of the present invention comprising PKC agonist as an active ingredient can be effectively used for the prevention and treatment of absence seizure and for the production of health improving functional food.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrazolylmethylamine-piperazine derivatives and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts effective as calcium channel modulators and a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention also relates to the medicinal use of the above compounds as therapeutic treatment of diseases due to their effect as calcium channel modulators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a drug suitability assessment method for the prevention or treatment of anxiety disorders using the cholinergic type II theta rhythm, and, more specifically, to a method for detecting individuals suffering from anxiety disorders induced by an abnormality occurring in the cholinergic system using the type II theta rhythm profile which is based on findings that the cholinergic type II theta rhythm is lower in an animal anxiety model than in normal subjects and that cholinergic drug treatment induces the cholinergic type II theta rhythm to return to normal and reduces anxiety and thereby making it possible to determine if a subject can be appropriately administered with a cholinergic drug and to monitor progress after cholinergic drug treatment.

Abstract: A wireless electrical stimulating device for living body comprises a light source unit for irradiating an optical signal; a light source control unit for controlling the optical signal irradiated from the light source unit; and an electrical stimulating unit for converting the optical signal received from the light source unit into an electrical signal to generate electrical stimulation. In the wireless electrical stimulating device for living body, the electrical stimulating unit comprises a battery for supplying current; an optical switch for detecting the optical signal irradiated from the light source unit to switch current supplied from the battery; and a stimulating electrode for providing the current switched by the optical switch to a living body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the prevention and treatment of essential tremor by blocking ?1G T-type calcium channel, a preventive and therapeutic agent for essential tremor containing the ?1G T-type calcium channel blocker as an active ingredient, and a screening method of a preventive and therapeutic agent for essential tremor by investigating ?1G T-type calcium channel blocking activity. More precisely, the present invention relates to a method for the prevention and treatment of essential tremor by using ?1G T-type calcium channel blocker, for which the inventors confirmed that the ?1G T-type calcium channel knock out mice (?1G?/?) had resistance against essential tremor and when the T-type channel blocker was administered to the wild type mice (?1G+/+), they gained resistance against essential tremor.

Abstract: Novel benzoarylureido compounds and a use thereof for prevention and/or treatment of the neurodegenerative brain disease are provided. The neurodegenerative brain diseases may include Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyloidosis, Pick's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, Huntington's disease, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, and the like.