Abstract: When an engine is restarted after a predetermined period of being stopped oil is supplied to a clutch pack for a 2–3 and/or 3–4 shift while a transmission is engaged in the first speed for the first time since starting. The amount of oil drained during the predetermined period of being stopped is complemented in advance such that shift quality of a first 2–3 and/or 3–4 shift is enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sustained release formulation comprising protein as an active ingredient, and a preparation method thereof. According to the present invention, the sustained release formulation contains protein drugs that are encapsulated in biodegradable hydrophobic matrices as pharmaceutically active forms by forming complexes with sulfated polysaccharides. The sustained release formulation prepared by the present invention can be used to effectively treat a disease without frequent injections by keeping the protein concentration at a sufficiently high level for a long period when injected in vivo once.

Abstract: When an engine is restarted after a predetermined period of being stopped oil is supplied to a clutch pack for a 2-3 and/or 3-4 shift while a transmission is engaged in the first speed for the first time since starting. The amount of oil drained during the predetermined period of being stopped is complemented in advance such that shift quality of a first 2-3 and/or 3-4 shift is enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to controlled and sustained release pharmaceutical composition and processes for preparing the same. The present invention is to provide processes to prepare an injectable sustained release pharmaceutical composition comprising a step to prepare biodegradable porous microspheres having accessible ionic functional groups, a step to incorporate a biopharmaceutical into the microspheres through ionic interaction by suspending or equilibrating the microspheres in a solution containing the biopharmaceutical and a step to recover and freeze-dry the biopharmaceutical-incorporated microspheres.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shift control method comprising the steps of determining if an input shift signal is a power-on upshift signal; determining if driving conditions satisfy power-on upshift learn conditions if the input shift signal is a power-on upshift signal; performing power-on upshift control if power-on upshift learn conditions are satisfied; learning an initial fill time and completing shifting; determining if shifting is completed; determining if run-up occurred during the shift operation if shifting is completed; determining if interlocking occurred if run-up did not occur; determining, if interlocking occurred, if the interlocking is above a predetermined level; and learning a fill time if the interlocking is above the predetermined level.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method used in an automatic transmission for controlling shifting into neutral when a vehicle is stopped in a first speed. The method provides for shifting in neutral when a brake of the vehicle has been depressed by the driver, the vehicle speed is less than a predetermined speed, the grade of a road is greater than a predetermined value, the throttle valve opening is 0%, the shift speed is a first speed of a drive D range or a drive D2 range, the oil temperature is greater than a predetermined temperature, the engine rpm Ne is within a predetermined rpm range, the output rpm of the transmission is 0 rpm, and the turbine rpm of a torque converter is 0 rpm.

Abstract: In a control method for an automatic transmission, it is first determined if the automatic transmission is in a fourth speed and the vehicle is being driven in a power off state, then a damper clutch operation slip control signal is output when the vehicle is in a power off state. Next, an engine fuel cut-in rpm reduction signal is output to engine control unit when a damper clutch is operated by the damper clutch operation slip control signal. A lower engine fuel cut-in signal is transmitted from the engine control unit according to the output engine fuel cut-in rpm reduction signal. Then, it is determined if engine output is undergoing continuous reduction, and a duty ratio is controlled using a learned value during 4-3 shifting when engine output is being reduced.

Abstract: In a shift control method for an automatic transmission, it is first determined a signal for shifting from a reverse range to a drive range is input, then further determined if an engine is in an idle state. An initial shifting signal of a first duty ratio is output to a drive unit and maintained the first duty ratio for a first predetermined fill time. Next, the first duty ratio is reduced to a second duty ratio and outputting a signal of the second duty ratio for a soft engagement control to the drive unit, and it is determined if a current turbine rpm is less than a first predetermined value which is obtained by extracting a second predetermined value from a target turbine rpm. Next, a feedback duty control signal is output to the drive unit, and it is determined if a turbine rpm variation is higher than a third predetermined value or if the turbine rpm is less than a fourth predetermined value.

Abstract: In a shift control method for an automatic transmission, it is first determined if a vehicle is running on a level road according to a signal from a drive state detector, then one of an economy or a power mode is selected according to a current throttle opening ratio. After, an upshifting point of the selected mode is set, a speed ratio is set according to the upshifting point of the selected mode and outputting a corresponding control signal to a drive unit.

Abstract: In a damper clutch control method of a hydraulic control system for automatic transmissions, a damper clutch operation condition is first calculated according to signals from a drive condition detecting part, then it is determined if the calculated value is within a damper clutch operation range on a level road. When the calculated value is within the damper clutch operation range, the pressure control solenoid valve is controlled such that the damper clutch can be operated by hydraulic fluid fed through the damper clutch control valve, then it is determined if a damper clutch release condition on a level road is satisfied or not. When the damper clutch release condition is satisfied, the pressure control solenoid valve is controlled such that the damper clutch can be released by releasing hydraulic fluid from the damper clutch.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method used in an automatic transmission for controlling shifting into neutral when a vehicle is stopped in a first speed.

Abstract: A power train of an automatic transmission adapted to realize a shift stage comprising five forward speeds and one reverse speed by two simple planetary gear sets and seven friction elements to thereby enable compactness and lightness of the automatic transmission, the power train comprising: a combined planetary gear set provided by fixedly connecting a planetary carrier of a first signal pinion planetary gear set to a ring gear of a second single pinion planetary gear set, and by fixedly connecting a ring gear of a first single pinion planetary gear set to a planetary carrier of a second single pinion planetary gear set; three input units for causing an input to be variably initiated to any of three actuating elements out of various actuating elements at the combined planetary gear set; two output units for causing an output to be variably initiated from any of two actuating elements out of various actuating elements at the first single pinion planetary gear set; and two brakes actuating reaction forces bet

Abstract: Disclosed is a shift control method for automatic transmissions.

Abstract: In a shift control method for an automatic transmission, it is first determined if a vehicle is running on a level road according to a signal from a drive state detector, then one of an economy or a power mode is selected according to a current throttle opening ratio. After, an upshifting point of the selected mode is set, a speed ratio is set according to the upshifting point of the selected mode and outputting a corresponding control signal to a drive unit.

Abstract: In a control method for an automatic transmission, it is first determined if the automatic transmission is in a fourth speed and the vehicle is being driven in a power off state, then a damper clutch operation slip control signal is output when the vehicle is in a power off state. Next, an engine fuel cut-in rpm reduction signal is output to engine control unit when a damper clutch is operated by the damper clutch operation slip control signal. A lower engine fuel cut-in signal is transmitted from the engine control unit according to the output engine fuel cut-in rpm reduction signal. Then, it is determined if engine output is undergoing continuous reduction, and a duty ratio is controlled using a learned value during 4-3 shifting when engine output is being reduced.

Abstract: The shift control system and method for an automatic transmission of a vehicle, wherein the automatic transmission includes a hydraulic control system controlling a plurality of friction elements, senses vehicle operating conditions. Based on the sensed vehicle operating conditions, a control unit decides whether to perform a downshift from a higher speed stage to a lower speed stage. The control unit also feedback controls the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic control system during the downshift when the control unit decides to perform such a downshift. The feedback control serves to lengthen the downshift operation such that shift shock is reduced.

Abstract: A control system having an improved responsiveness to a third-to-first speed skip shift by controlling a hydraulic pressure for disengaging a front clutch. The system employs a sensor for sensing the revolution per minute of an engine wherein an electrical signal is variable according to the rotational speed of the engine, a sensor for sensing the revolution per minute of an output shaft wherein an electrical signal is variable according to the rotational speed of the output shaft, and a sensor for sensing the opening of a throttle valve wherein the opening of the throttle valve is variable according to the operation of an accelerator pedal and for outputting a corresponding electrical signal.

Abstract: A control system for downshifting an automatic transmission provides reduced shift shock by controlling pressure fed to a kickdown servo brake. A throttle valve sensor, an input shaft rpm sensor, an output shaft rpm sensor, and a transmission control unit are used. The transmission control unit outputs a control signal for a second-to-first speed shift after reducing hydraulic pressure fed in accordance with a duty pattern when the vehicle is in the state of a second-to-first downshift. Alternatively, the transmission control units outputs a control signal for a second-to-first speed shift after the third-to-second speed shift is completed when the vehicle is in the state of a third-to-first speed shift. In any case, the transmission control units controls first and second transmission control solenoid valves, and a hydraulic pressure control solenoid valve for changing the state of hydraulic pressure fed to every friction member.

Abstract: A system for controlling an automatic transmission, mounted on a vehicle and connected to an engine, includes a plurality of sensors for sensing vehicle operating conditions. The automatic transmission also includes a plurality of friction elements such as a front clutch and a rear clutch, and the system includes a plurality of shift valves for hydraulically actuating the friction elements to selectively achieve one of a plurality of speed stages. A first and second shift solenoid control the operation of a shift control valve which in turn controls the operation of the shift valves. One of the shift valves, a rear clutch valve, controls the operation of the rear clutch, and a rear clutch solenoid is provided to control the operation of the rear clutch via the rear clutch valve. The rear clutch solenoid controls the rear clutch independently of the control operations performed by the first and second shift solenoids.

Abstract: A shift control method for an automatic transmission of a vehicle allows a kick down piston of a kick down brake in the automatic transmission to fully return after a 4-3 speed downshift operation before performing a 3-2 speed downshift operation. If it is determined that a 4-3 speed downshift signal was output by the transmission control unit, the transmission control unit is monitored to determine if a 3-2 speed downshift signal is output. A 3-2 speed downshift operation in response to a detect 3-2 speed downshift signal will then be prohibited for a predetermined period of time for the kick down piston of the kick down brake in the automatic transmission to fully return after the 4-3 speed downshift operation. Next, the 3-2 speed downshift operation will be performed in response to the 3-2 downshift signal after the predetermined period of time.