Abstract: A process for releasing ammonia which is bound in coal water using a pre-desulfurization plant having ammonia and hydrogen sulfide scrubbers through which crude coking plant gas is passed comprises circulating the crude coke oven gases through the hydrogen sulfide scrubber and the ammonia scrubber in succession, directing the coal water first through the ammonia scrubber while the crude coking plant gases are being also circulated therethrough after passing it first through the hydrogen sulfide scrubber. An alkali solution is also circulated through the ammonia scrubber to enrich the solution with acid components and to liberate ammonia bound in the coal water directing the coal water which has been enriched from the ammonia scrubber into the hydrogen sulfide scrubber. The process is characterized by the fact that the alkali solution which has first served for the hydrogen sulfide scrubber is added to the ammonia hydrogen sulfide scrubber.

Abstract: A method of producing hot briquettes in a plurality of stages comprises heating inert components which do not soften by direct heat exchange with hot carrier gases which are generated in a combustor to a temperature of about from 550.degree. to 700.degree. C. Thereafter the heated inert components and the gases are directed to a first separator to separate the carrier gases from the heated inert components. A caking bituminous binder coal component is then preheated and dried to temperatures of either 60.degree. over or under 300.degree. C. with the separated carrier gas. The binder coal and the separated carrier gas is then directed to a second separator to provide a second separated carrier gas and the heated binder coal. The second heated carrier gas is directed into a third separator in direct heat exchange with a second inert component which is then heated by this to a temperature of from 350.degree. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of cooling and dedusting degasification gases which escape from coal degasification chambers particularly gases which are obtained in high temperature or low temperature carbonization of bituminous and subbituminous coals and which pass from degasification chambers through risers and bends into collection mains and in the bends or in the collecting mains themselves which comprises directing crude tar having a temperature in excess of 50.degree. C. and lower than 170.degree. C. into the bends and collecting mains either alone or with water added which has a temperature and is of a quantity such that it completely evaporates in the collecting main.

Abstract: A coke oven, comprises a housing having an interior vertically elongated coke oven chamber with a plurality of vertically extending binding walls subdividing the oven chamber into a plurality of heating flues. A nozzle in each of the binder walls between the heating flues discharges a rich gas into each flue. In addition, the binder walls contain respective first and second vertical air ducts arranged in alternate binder walls between the flues with alternate ones of the air ducts having discharges at one or more levels above the others of each binder duct wall and connecting into the flues on each side of the associated binding wall. An air duct supply is connected separately to the alternate ones in each of the other air supply ducts.

Abstract: A method of producing abrasion resistant coke from brown coal briquets in a shaft furnace comprises charging the coke briquets into the top of the furnace and removing coke from the bottom of the furnace while directing inert hot combustion gases into the furnace and through the briquets at a plurality of vertically spaced levels throughout the height of the shaft furnace. Gases are directed at temperatures to effect and successively lower stages of the furnace the preheating, predrying, carbonization, and cooling of the charge.

Abstract: A method for producing hot briquettes, for example, for use in blast furnaces, and using a briquetting material of non-caking components, such as low temperature coke from bituminous coal and/or lignite, coke dust and/or oil coke and caking fat coal at temperatures between 430.degree. C. and 540.degree. C., comprising, delivering the briquetting material to a briquetting press to form briquette blanks, tempering and degassing the blanks by delivering the blanks into individual chambers in a closed system of several chambers having gas communication with each other so that there is partly changing amounts of gas generated in the individual chambers and the briquette blanks are formed into tempered briquettes, and applying an overpressure to the chambers to conduct the gases away from the chamber with one and the same overpressure.

Abstract: A method of cooling and dedusting degasification gases which escape from coal degasification chambers particularly gases which are obtained in high temperature or low temperature carbonization of bituminous and subbituminous coals and which pass from degasification chambers through risers and bends into collection mains and in the bends or in the collecting mains themselves which comprises directing crude tar having a temperature in excess of 50.degree. C. and lower than 170.degree. C. into the bends and collecting mains either alone or with water added which has a temperature and is of a quantity such that it completely evaporates in the collecting main.

Abstract: A method of producing abrasion resistant coke from brown coal briquets in a shaft furnace comprises charging the coke briquets into the top of the furnace and removing coke from the bottom of the furnace while directing inert hot combustion gases into the furnace and through the briquets at a plurality of vertically spaced levels throughout the height of the shaft furnace. Gases are directed at temperatures to effect and successively lower stages of the furnace the preheating, predrying, carbonization, and cooling of the charge. Gases are collected in each of the preheating and predrying stages by the use of a tubular suction arm which extends substantially across the width of the furnace and includes a performated bottom and sidewalls which extend partly below the bottom and are provided with a saw-tooth configuration so as to withdraw the gases through the space below the bottom and through the perforations of the bottom and to effect entrainment of dust from the charge in so doing.

Abstract: A method of producing reducing gases from oxide ores, particularly iron ores, which contain mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen and which are employed in the reduction process with a two to three fold excess with regard to the stoichiometric requirement of the ore to be reduced, comprising, mixing a hot moist fresh reducing gas and a preheated recycled gas, both of which are used in reducing iron ores and mainly contain carbon monoxide and hydrogen, directing the mixed gases in counterflow heat exchange with iron sponge in a desulfurizer to treat the sponge, thereafter, directing the treated sponge into an oxidizer and circulating preheated air thereover to lightly oxidize the iron sponge, and subsequently, directing the lightly oxidized iron sponge into a reducing shaft along with the mixed gases which are taken out of the desulfurizer.

Abstract: A process for producing cement wherein preheated, partially calcined powder-form raw material is finally calcined in a fluidized bed and is discharged to a cooler through which a cooling stream of air passes. A part of the cooling air passes into the fluidized bed from below and another part of the cooling air, together with the partially calcined material, passes into the fluidized bed from the side. The rates of material flow to and from the fluidized bed is regulated to maintain a substantially uniform intersticial ratio between the upper and lower regions of the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A method for the production of form coke, such as coke for use in the smelting industry as blast furnace coke and also in electro-metallurgical facilities, comprising, coking a high volatile coal containing at least 35% volatile constituents so as to remove the volatile constituents to form a non-baking base coal, mixing a plurality of fine grain coal components together, of which at least one of the components comprises said non-baking base coal and at least one other component comprises a baking bituminous coal so as to form a mixture of such coals, subjecting the mixture to a degassing operation using highly volatile coals, coking the degassed mixture and pressing the coke into briquettes.

Abstract: A method of producing form coke, particularly metallurigical coke for a blast furnace, comprises, mixing at least two fine ground coal components, of which one is a non-caking component containing only little of volatile matter and comprises an oil coke, and the other is a caking bituminous coal, and at temperatures corresponding approximately to the softening point of the caking coal component. The mixture is carbonized and pressed to form a briquetted form coke, and the form coke is subsequently hardened.

Abstract: Tar and coal fines are separated from ammonia liquor in a coke making operation by a series of settling steps including one in which a foam is physically removed from the surface area of a decanter and placed in a separate decanter.

Abstract: A method of producing blast furnace coke from bituminous coals, particularly coals having poor coking capacities in which the coal to be carbonized is ground, predried or preheated, mixed with binders, compressed or formed into briquets having small mechanical resistances and charged into oven chambers, is characterized by fine coals or fine coal mixtures having a swelling index in mixture according to DIN 51741, smaller than 7, and preferably, below 6, and comprising more than 50% of poorly or non-baking coal having a content of volatile matter in excess of 30% or less than 20% which coals or coal mixtures are ground up to attain a surface per unit mass, according to DIN 66145, of from 400 cm.sup.2 to 1200 cm.sup.2 per gram, with from 3% to 8% by weight of organic binders, compressing the mixture to form it into a briquet at a temperature range of from 70.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. and charging the compressed briquet into the oven chambers without substantial intermediate cooling in order to carbonize it.

Abstract: A method of producing blast furnace coke from bituminous coals, particularly coals having poor coking capacities in which the coal to be carbonized is ground, predried or preheated, mixed with binders, compressed or formed into briquets having small mechanical resistances and charged into oven chambers, is characterized by fine coals or fine coal mixtures having a swelling index in mixture according to DIN 51741, smaller than 7, and preferably, below 6, and comprising more than 50% of poorly or non-baking coal having a content of volatile matter in excess of 30% or less than 20% which coals or coal mixtures are ground up to attain asurface per unit mass, according to DIN 66145, of from 400 cm.sup.2 to 1200 cm.sup.2 per gram, and with from 3% to 8% by weight of organic binders, compressing the mixture to form it into a briquet at a temperature range of from 70.degree. C. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A continuous process is provided for scrubbing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from coke oven gases by selectively scrubbing the hydrogen sulfide using aqueous ammonia, then distilling the hydrogen sulfide again from the wash liquor combining the ammonia directly with acids or certain acid salts, e.g., sulfuric acid or ammonium bisulfate, liberating the combined ammonia therefrom by decomposition, and then recycling the released ammonia to the hydrogen sulfide scrubber, thereby increasing the ratio of ammonia to hydrogen sulfide therein. A preferred absorbent for ammonia is monoammonium phosphate.

Abstract: For the production of polyalkenamers there are provided catalysts consisting essentially of a catalyst system for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic olefins consisting essentially of (1) a tungsten or molybdenum compound; (2) an organoaluminum compound; and (3) an ether of vinyl alcohol, of allyl alcohol, or of 2-butene-1,4-diol, the molar ratio of component (1) to component (2) being less than 1 : 1 and the molar ratio of component (1) to component (3) being less than 100 : 1. The catalyst system may also contain a compound containing one or more hydroxyl or sulfhydryl groups in a molar ratio to component (1) of about 0 : 1 to 2 : 1, respectively.

Abstract: Polyalkenamers are produced by a ring-opening polymerization of cyclic olefins employing a catalyst system comprising (1) a tungsten or molybdenum compound; (2) an organoaluminum compound; (3) a vinylic chloride, bromide or iodide; and, optionally, (4) a compound containing a hydroxyl or sulfhydryl group; and conducting the polymerization in the presence of an ethylenically unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbon wherein one of the double bonded carbon atoms is substituted by chlorine, bromine or iodine or halogenated alkyl or aryl and at least one hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A process for the modification of unsaturated polyolefin rubbers by reaction with other polymers amenable to the metathesis reaction, in the liquid phase, preferably in solution, in the presence of a metathesis catalyst system comprising (a) a soluble compound of a metal of the Subgroups V through VII of the periodic table, and (b) a soluble alkyl or hydride of a metal of Main groups I through III of the periodic table, as well as optionally activators, characterized by the metallic components of the catalyst system each being dispersed, preferably dissolved, separately in partial streams wherein the reaction components are contained, and these partial streams are intermixed intensively.