Abstract: The process includes two major phases, each including a converter blowing step and a discharge step, whereby the first discharge step is also a preparatory step for the second blowing step. The steel is dephosphorized, desulfurized, and decarbonized under formation of basic slag which is retained in the converter during the first discharge. Lime, limeflux and possibly clay is added prior to the second blowing together with, preferably, silicon for deoxidation. After the second discharge, additional alloy components may be added.

Abstract: Following the discharge of steel from a steel producing converter, the adding and inclusion of nitrogen is impeded by surrounding the stream of pouring steel with a layer of limestone at a grain size not exceeding 5 mm. Practice has shown that the nitrogen content can well remain below a content of 0.005%.

Abstract: A process for the production of steel with increased ductility in which a sulfur-containing steel melt is deoxidized and, if desired, is supplied with alloying elements, the deoxidized melt being treated with magnesium or with both magnesium and calcium as part of a purification action simultaneously reducing the sulfur content, and the reaction is carried out in a casting ladle having a lining free from siliceous oxides. The melt is covered with a synthetic slag free from siliceous oxides and the magnesium-containing substance is introduced in fine-grain particulate form into the melt in a carrier gas at a level at least 2000 mm below the melt surfade and at a rate which is less than the maximum rate at which the magnesium-containing substance is capable of reacting with the melt.

Abstract: A process for the production of steel with increased ductility in which a sulfur-containing steel melt is deoxidized and, if desired, is supplied with alloying elements, the deoxidized melt is treated with calcium as part of a purification action simultaneously reducing the sulfur content and the reaction is carried out in a casting ladle having a lining free from siliceous oxides. The melt is covered with a synthetic slag free from siliceous oxides and the calcium-containing substance is introduced in fine-grain particulate form into the melt in a carrier gas at a level at least 2000 mm below the melt surface and at a rate which is less than the maximum rate at which the calcium-containing substance is capable of reacting with the melt.

Abstract: A process for the production of steel with increased ductility in which a sulfur-containing steel melt is deoxidized and, if desired, is supplied with alloying elements, the deoxidized melt is treated with calcium as part of a purification action simultaneously reducing the sulfur content and the reaction is carried out in a casting ladle having a lining free from siliceous oxides. The melt is covered with a synthetic slag free from siliceous oxides and the calcium-containing substance is introduced in fine-grain particulate form into the melt in a carrier gas at a level at least 2000 mm below the melt surface and at a rate which is less than the maximum rate at which the calcium-containing substance is capable of reacting with the melt.

Abstract: A steel melt is confined and subjected to a partial vacuum. A particulate additive is entrained by a neutral nonreactive carrier gas and introduced into the melt below the surface thereof at a depth such that the additive is immediately vaporized and rises toward the surface of the melt in the form of bubbles which react with components of the melt. With particulate calcium as the additive an injection depth 1500 mm, a temperature of approximately 1500.degree.C, and a vacuum of 20 Torr allows the sulfur content of a steel melt readily to be reduced below 0.005% by weight.