Abstract: In the process of dyeing or printing textile materials comprising subjecting textile material to the action of aqueous dye solutions or suspensions at elevated temperatures, followed by soaping with soaping agents and recovery of the dyed or printed textile materials, the improvement consisting essentially of employing a fine-particulate, water-insoluble alkali metal aluminosilicate, containing bound water, of the formula(M.sub.2 O).sub.x.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M represents an alkali metal, x is an integer from 0.7 to 1.5 and y is an integer from 0.8 to 6, said aluminosilicates having an average particle size in the range of from 0.1 to 25.mu. and a calcium binding power of from 20 to 200 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance measured at 22.degree. C. according to the Calcium Binding Power Test Method set out in the specification, as an auxiliary soaping agent.

Abstract: Water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each alkyl groups of C.sub.1-15 chain length wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in said groups is 9 to 18; R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.1-5 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group; R.sub.4 represents a C.sub.1-5 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or benzyl group; R.sub.5 represents a benzyl group; and X represents a salt-forming anion, are effective retardant-levelling agents in the dyeing of anionic polyacrylonitrile fibers with basic (i.e. cationic) dyes.

Abstract: Water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent H or an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 chain length wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 9 to 20,R.sub.3 represents H, an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length, a hydroxyalkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length, or a benzyl group,R.sub.4 represents an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length or a hydroxyalkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length,R.sub.5 represents an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length, a hydroxyalkyl radical of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 chain length, or a benzyl group,R.sub.6 represents a benzyl group,m represents 2 to 6,p and q represent 0 to 4, wherein p + q = 1 to 4, andX.sup.(-) represents a salt forming anion,Are effective retarding-levelling agents in the dyeing of anionic polyacrylonitrile fibers with basic (i.e., cationic) dyes.