Abstract: A reclosable pouring element for opening and reclosing packages, especially rectangular multi-layer composite packages, with a base body having a circumferential flange and a lid joined flexibly thereto, as well as a method for its manufacture and a package provided with such a pouring element are presented and described. In order to retain the good barrier properties of a package provided with a pouring element even with a low overall height of the pouring element before the package is opened for the first time, it is provided that in the region of its pouring opening the base body has a plate whose contour substantially corresponds to the contour of the pouring opening. The lid is connected securely to the plate so that the lid at the same time serves as an opening element.

Abstract: A procedure and an apparatus for the quantitative determination of cations and anions by ion chromatography is described which can be used, for example, to test drinking water, river water or water in drains. The sample is injected into a buffer stream which comes through a chromatography column. The eluate from the column is measured in a conductivity detector, the background being suppressed in a new cell. The cell consists of two ion exchange membranes which are not permeable to the ions to be measured and two electrodes which set up an electric field across the membranes. The highly dissociated ions of opposite charge in the eluate are exchanged into compounds of low conductivity and removed from the cell.

Abstract: A machine tool for maching of crankpins on crankshafts, or of similarly ts-axially offset portions of other types of workpieces, includes an arrangement for indexing the workpiece to a plurality of different positions to place new crankpins in position for machining without having to unclamp the workpiece or stop its rotation. Indexing accuracy is greatly improved and all indexing-related operations are powered by the prime mover of the machine tool rather than requiring separate drives.