Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for demethylating 14-hydroxy substituted alkaloid derivatives, in particular of 14-hydroxy-17-methyl-4,5-epoxymorphinane-6-on-derivatives. This is achieved by reacting a starting compound with a compound of general formula R1OOC—N?N—COOR2 in a suitable solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of quaternary N-alkyl morphin or morphinan alkaloid derivatives. This is achieved by using a nucleophilic nitrogen, phosphor or sulfur containing base in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for demethylating 14-hydroxy substituted alkaloid derivatives, in particular of 14-hydroxy-17-methyl-4,5-epoxymorphinane-6-on-derivatives. This is achieved by reacting a starting compound with a compound of general formula R1OOC—N?N—COOR2 in a suitable solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for demethylating 14-hydroxy substituted alkaloid derivatives, in particular of 14-hydroxy-17-methyl-4,5-epoxymorphinane-6-on-derivatives. This is achieved by reacting a starting compound with a compound of general formula R1OOC—N?N—COOR2 in a suitable solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for demethylating 14-hydroxy substituted alkaloid derivatives, in particular of 14-hydroxy-17-methyl-4,5-epoxymorphinane-6-on-derivatives. This is achieved by reacting a starting compound with a compound of general formula R1OOC—N?N—COOR2 in a suitable solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of quaternary N-alkyl morphin or morphinan alkaloid derivatives. This is achieved by using a nucleophilic nitrogen, phosphor or sulfur containing base in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: An electrical machine formed as claw pole generator has a ring-shaped stator provided with windings, a claw pole rotor rotatably arranged inside an opening of the stator, the claw pole rotor having a rotor shaft and an exciter coil arranged coaxially to the rotor shaft, the claw pole rotor also having a peripheral surface provided with a plurality of claw poles which overlap the exciter coil and engage in a finger-like manner with groove-shaped intermediate spaces, at least one axially acting fan units arranged at an end side of the claw pole rotor in a region of an outer periphery, and a plurality of honeycombed structures located in the intermediate spaces and extending in a longitudinal direction of the intermediate spaces so that a cooling medium flows through the structures.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines having a reciprocating pump piston and an annular slide displaceable on it, with a control bore that cooperates with a control recess on the pump piston, the recess communicates with a pump work chamber via a conduit. By means of location of control bores in the annular slide, the outflow stream is provided with the longest possible path until the outflow stream strikes the wall of the cylinder liner, in order to attain the freest and most unhindered possible stream course with reduced turbulence. Because the outflow stream strikes the hardened surface of the niche wall of the cylinder liner obliquely, cavitation damage is greatly attenuated or locally limited to sites of maximum resistance.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines has a pump piston that is axially and rotationally movable in a cylinder and has a control edge and a diversion edge that defines a recess in the jacket face of the pump piston. To limit and adjust the effective supply stroke, the control edge and the diversion edge cooperate with a control opening in the cylinder, which opening communicates with a fuel-filled low-pressure chamber. To prevent cavitation damage during the diversion process, a pre-diversion groove, which extends approximately parallel to the diversion edge, is provided in the portion of the jacket face of the pump piston defined by the control edge and the diversion edge. It is disposed at a distance from the diversion edge such that immediately before the entry of the diversion edge into the control opening, representing the onset of diversion, it connects the pump work chamber, which is at high pressure, to the control opening.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines with multiple fuel injection valves. The fuel injection system includes a dimensionally stable fuel manifold distributor with nipple plug connections, by means of which the fuel is directed to the individual injection valves. The fuel manifold distributor is disposed over the injection valves and is pitched with respect to the horizontal, with a fuel injection connection located at the lowest point of said manifold and connected to the pressure side of a fuel pump, with a return line connection provided at the highest point of the fuel manifold distributor leading to a return flow line, over which a portion of the fuel may be redirected to a pressure regulator and from there to the suction side of a fuel tank to which the fuel pump is connected.

Abstract: An apparatus is proposed for measuring the mass of a flowing medium in an air intake tube, in particular, for measuring the aspirated air mass of internal combustion engines. The apparatus has at least one temperature-dependent resistor disposed in the flow of the medium, whose temperature and/or resistance is regulated in accordance with the mass of the medium; the adjustment variable serves as a measurement standard for the mass of the medium. The temperature-dependent resistor is disposed in a gap extending parallel to the flow of the medium, and a deflecting body bridging that gap is disposed upstream of the gap. In orer to prevent soiling of the temperature-dependent resistor inlet conduits for the flow of medium to the gap are provided downstream of the maximum cross section of the deflecting body and these inlet conduits discharge into the gap at an acute angle.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the mass of a pulsating medium flowing in a flow cross-section, in particular for measuring the aspirated air mass of internal combustion engines. The apparatus includes a temperature-dependent measuring resistor, whose temperature and/or resistance is regulated in accordance with the mass of a flowing medium. The measurement signal (U.sub.S) representing the mass of the medium can be influenced in accordance with the flow direction by use of a pressure-sensing element which has corresponding electrical contacts and when there is a flow reversal the pressure-sensing element, via a correction circuit, suppresses the delivery of the measurement signal (U.sub.S) to an electronic control unit. By use of the correction circuit it is also possible to subtract the amount measured during a reverse flow from the measurement signal made during flow in the desired flow direction. As a result, an error in the measurement signal (U.sub.S) during pulsating flow is prevented.

Abstract: An apparatus for the measurement of the mass of a flowing medium, such as for the measurement of the induced air mass in internal combustion engines which includes at least one temperature-dependent resistor film disposed in the flow of the medium, the temperature and/or resistance of the film being governed in accordance with the mass of the medium wherein the manipulated variable is a standard for the mass of the medium. The temperature-dependent resistor film is disposed in a region of stabilized flow in the flow cross section and, to this end, the temperature-dependent resistor film may be disposed either upstream of the narrowest cross section of a nozzle-like constriction wherein the pressure steadily decreases or in a gap having a laminar gap flow.

Abstract: An apparatus for the measurement of the mass of a flowing medium, such as for the measurement of the induced air mass in internal combustion engines which includes at least one temperature-dependent resistor film disposed in the flow of the medium, the temperature and/or resistance of the film being governed in accordance with the mass of the medium wherein the manipulated variable is a standard for the mass of the medium. The temperature-dependent resistor film is disposed in a region of stabilized flow in the flow cross section and, to this end, the temperature-dependent resistor film may be disposed either upstream of the narrowest cross section of a nozzle-like constriction wherein the pressure steadily decreases or in a gap having a laminar gap flow.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the mass of a flowing medium which utilizes a temperature--dependent resistor disposed in the flow of the medium. The temperature-- dependent resistor includes a carrier and a resistor film disposed on the carrier. The temperature and/or resistance of the resistor film is governed by the mass of the flowing medium and serves as the basis for the generation of a manipulated variable which is a standard for the mass of the flowing medium. The apparatus also utilizes a preceding body aligned longitudinally with the carrier directly upstream of the carrier in the direction of the flow of the medium. The preceding body has a length such that a particular boundary layer state prevails about the temperature-dependent resistor and the heat-transfer coefficient of the resistor film is influenced in accordance with the mass of the flowing medium.

Abstract: Airflow measuring apparatus utilizes a temperature-varying resistance layer on a carrier as a sensor. The resistance and temperature of the temperature-varying resistance layer are maintained substantially constant by a regulator circuit, independent of the amount of cooling by air flowing past the element. To minimize errors resulting from heating and cooling of the carrier, the surface of the carrier which does not have the temperature-varying resistance element is covered by a temperature-independent resistance layer and the current through the temperature independent resistance layer is controlled such that the temperature independent resistance layer is at substantially the same temperature as the temperature-varying resistance layer. Thus thermal gradients in the carrier are eliminated.