Abstract: A carboxy ether of formula (II):[R--O(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.x (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.y (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.z ].sub.2 CHCOOM (II)is disclosed. In formula (II) R is (i) a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, (ii) an alkylaromatic group or an alkylcycloaliphatic group, each containing a total of 4 to 16 carbon atoms in its alkyl group, (iii) a dialkylaromatic dialkylcycloaliphatic, or trialkylcycloaliphatic group, each containing a total of 5 to 24 carbon atoms in it alkyl groups, or (iv) a trialkylaromatic group with a total of 7 to 28 carbon atoms in its alkyl groups; x is 0 to 15, y is 1 to 40, z is 0 to 15; and M is an alkali-earth metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, an ammonium cation, an alkylammonium cation, or a proton.

Abstract: Motor fuels or fuel oils in the form of an emulsion contain water, an emulsifier and optionally an alcohol, the emulsifier being at least 25% by weight of a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.4 are saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon aliphatic radicals with 4 to 24 C atoms, R.sub.4 can also be an alkylphenyl radical of 1 to 18 C atoms in the optionally branched, alkyl chain or H; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 represent a methyl group or H, n and m is a number from one to 20 plus z from 0 to 15, and X is an acid radical --COO.sup.(-) or --OCH.sub.2 COO.sup.(-). The emulsions are especially stable and of low viscosity.

Abstract: Arrangement for reading out defined data from a digital switching device with asynchronous control signals for sequential switching of the device and transferring of the data from another switching device. The arrangement includes circuits for applying a signal to the other switching device for sequentially switching the other device and a buffer memory for temporarily storing state variables of the first switching device and circuits for applying a read pulse to the second-mentioned switching device together with circuits for transferring the state variables stored in the buffer memory to the first-mentioned switching device.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for telecommunications, in particular telephone exchange installations that switch through digitally by time division, having a special coupling network for switching audio-signals to terminal units which, besides the connection network provided for the interchange of speech and data information, sets up the connection between terminal units and audio-signal senders and works digitally.

Abstract: The switching network having a reversed trunking scheme of a PCM-(pulse code modulated -) exchange is formed by a first (time division) switching stage (A) consisting of individual switching groups (G l to G m) combined into one major switching group (GG), a second (space division) switching Stage (B1) formed by a number of PCM-lines equal to the number of switching groups (G l to G m) within one major switching group (GG), whereby each switching group is connected with a PCM-line in the outgoing direction, whereas a switching group individual multiplexer (M) performing the access of all PCM-lines to each switching group (G) and a third (space division) switching stage (B2) formed by a number of PCM-lines equal to the number of major switching groups (GG), the bitrate on said PCM-lines being a multiple number of the bitrate of the PCM-lines of the second (space division) switching stage.