Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for implementing a cooperative model between an application and a database. In one aspect, there is provided a computer-implemented method. The method may include receiving from an application a command to perform an operation at a database; accessing metadata representative of the application; configuring, based on at least the metadata, a result of the operation; and sending the configured result to shared memory accessible by the application. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: A system, computer program product and method of processing function calls in a distributed application environment are provided. A number of function calls for communication from a sending application to a receiving application are queued in a database. Dependencies among at least a portion of the function calls that are being queued are determined while the function calls are stored in the queues. A schedule of execution of the function calls is then generated based on the determined dependencies.

Abstract: A computer system and computer program product executing a method for consistent and efficient management of program configuration and customizing data for a business application program. According to one method, an existing or newly created version of a global switch configuration is provided in a cache shared by one or more other programs. The cached switch configuration provides a configuration for a switch framework that governs access to one or more program functions of a business application. The cached switch configuration is then attached to the business application to provide an attached version of the switch configuration. Compatibility between the attached version of the switch configuration and the business application is determined. If compatibility exists, the business application program is executed in accordance with the attached version of the switch configuration.

Abstract: A method and system for employing client interfaces for packages. In one embodiment, an access object associated with a service provided by a first package is located, where the service is seeking to access content residing at a second package. A client interface is then created at the second package using the access object. The client interface is used to provide access to the content by exposing the content to the service via the client interface.

Abstract: A method and system for object generation in packages. In one embodiment, the process for generating an object in a package is initiated. The package is created and is associated with a target package. The object is generated into the package.

Abstract: A method and system for executing calls and return calls using client interfaces for packages. In one embodiment, a service at a service package is called using a client interface at a client package. The return call is then made on object using the client interface at the client package as performed by the service at the service package.

Abstract: A shared memory technology where shared objects can be used by any of multiple users, applications, or program sessions with programming language support during development and at runtime. The developer can declare shared memory behaviors at design time to cause one or more area classes to be generated for use at runtime. A shared objects memory is managed by the runtime environment. Content is stored at runtime in an area instance of an area class. Class methods to be generated that include methods for attaching and detaching a running session to and from an area instance, and for detaching a session from a change request on an area instance with a commit or a rollback. The runtime environment manages locks for area instances. There are programming language constructs for creating area instances and for creating data objects of arbitrary data type within area instances.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for defining and using data types at runtime. A procedural source code program is compiled to generate a compiled program having instructions to create a runtime data type and to use the runtime data type. The runtime data type has a compound structure of referenced data types. Instructions to create a runtime data type having a compound structure are executed by creating a runtime data type definition from the compound structure of referenced data types by resolving the referenced data types bottom up into data types known at runtime. A data object having the runtime data type is created. Type checking is performed on uses of the data object at runtime according to the runtime data type.

Abstract: An article of manufacture and a method includes providing a system having an interface, dividing the interface into levels, associating a dependency list with a level, associating a client with the dependency list, and marking the clients associated with a dependency list for recompilation based on a change to a global component.

Abstract: A system, computer program product and method of processing function calls in a distributed application environment are provided. A number of function calls for communication from a sending application to a receiving application are queued in a database. Dependencies among at least a portion of the function calls that are being queued are determined while the function calls are stored in the queues. A schedule of execution of the function calls is then generated based on the determined dependencies.

Abstract: A computer system and computer program product executing a method for consistent and efficient management of program configuration and customizing data for a business application program. According to one method, an existing or newly created version of a global switch configuration is provided in a cache shared by one or more other programs. The cached switch configuration provides a configuration for a switch framework that governs access to one or more program functions of a business application. The cached switch configuration is then attached to the business application to provide an attached version of the switch configuration. Compatibility between the attached version of the switch configuration and the business application is determined. If compatibility exists, the business application program is executed in accordance with the attached version of the switch configuration.

Abstract: A method and system for executing calls and return calls using client interfaces for packages. In one embodiment, a service at a service package is called using a client interface at a client package. The return call is then made on object using the client interface at the client package as performed by the service at the service package.

Abstract: A method and system for employing client interfaces for packages. In one embodiment, an access object associated with a service provided by a first package is located, where the service is seeking to access content residing at a second package. A client interface is then created at the second package using the access object. The client interface is used to provide access to the content by exposing the content to the service via the client interface.

Abstract: A method and system for object generation in packages. In one embodiment, the process for generating an object in a package is initiated. The package is created and is associated with a target package. The object is generated into the package.

Abstract: An article of manufacture and a method includes providing a system having an interface, dividing the interface into levels, associating a dependency list with a level, associating a client with the dependency list, and marking the clients associated with a dependency list for recompilation based on a change to a global component.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for defining and using data types at runtime. A procedural source code program is compiled to generate a compiled program having instructions to create a runtime data type and to use the runtime data type. The runtime data type has a compound structure of referenced data types. Instructions to create a runtime data type having a compound structure are executed by creating a runtime data type definition from the compound structure of referenced data types by resolving the referenced data types bottom up into data types known at runtime. A data object having the runtime data type is created. Type checking is performed on uses of the data object at runtime according to the runtime data type.

Abstract: 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazoles of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or a group --C.sub.n H.sub.2n --COOR.sub.3, in which n is 0 to 4 and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, can be prepared particularly advantageously by catalytic hydrogenation of a suitable o-nitroazo compound in the presence of a Pt, Pd, Pt/Pd or Rh hydrogenation catalyst and an alkylenediamine or an acyclic or cyclic polyalkylene polyamine in a halogenated or nonhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon as solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently of the other C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl and/or hydroxy, or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl. The process comprises reacting a compound of formula III ##STR2## with a nitrite in aqueous or aqueous/organic medium to a compound of formula II ##STR3## extracting said compound of formula II from the reaction solution with a solvent, hydrogenating said compound, without isolation, in the cited solvent and in the presence of a palladium catalyst, to the corresponding p-aminophenol, and reacting said aminophenol, without isolation, with cyanuric chloride and a compound of formula HSR.sub.3 or HSR.sub.4 or a mixture of compounds of formulae HSR.sub.3 and HSR.sub.4.

Abstract: Hologenated 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazoles of the formula ##STR1## in which X is halogen, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or a group --C.sub.n H.sub.2n --COOR.sub.3, in which n is 0 to 4 and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, can be prepared particularly advantageously by catalytic hydrogenation of a corresponding o-nitroazo compound in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst consisting of 0.1 to 3% of Pt on a support and of an organic amine.