Abstract: A method for spectroscopically detecting a chemical in a gas sample includes illuminating the gas sample with ultraviolet light and photolyzing a first chemical in the gas sample to generate a photolyzed gas sample and spectroscopically detecting a second chemical in the photolyzed gas sample. The second chemical has an optical absorption range within a respective optical absorption range of the first chemical.

Abstract: A method for spectroscopically detecting a chemical in a gas sample includes illuminating the gas sample with ultraviolet light and photolyzing a first chemical in the gas sample to generate a photolyzed gas sample and spectroscopically detecting a second chemical in the photolyzed gas sample. The second chemical has an optical absorption range within a respective optical absorption range of the first chemical.

Abstract: A method for retrieving an object exposed to a body of water. The freezing of water is a very power- and time-consuming operation and therefore, can be quite costly. To reduce at least one of these problems, an aqueous viscous mass is provided in a zone adjacent to an outer section of an object, and then the mass is frozen to the object. In some implementations, a thermal conductivity-promoting agent, such as metal, is used, among other variations.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an internal combustion engine that includes an oxygen sensor are described. In one example, a voltage that is applied to a heating element of an oxygen sensor is integrated to determine a resistance of the heating element. The resistance of the heating element is the basis for adjusting voltage applied to the heating element during subsequent engine starts.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an internal combustion engine that includes an oxygen sensor are described. In one example, a voltage that is applied to a heating element of an oxygen sensor is integrated to determine a resistance of the heating element. The resistance of the heating element is the basis for adjusting voltage applied to the heating element during subsequent engine starts.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining an amount of alcohol in fuel injected into an engine based on outputs from an exhaust gas sensor. In one example, a method includes estimating a first fuel alcohol content based on an air-fuel ratio estimated with the exhaust oxygen sensor and estimating a second fuel alcohol content based on a change in sensor output during modulating a reference voltage of the exhaust oxygen sensor between a first and second voltage. The method further includes adjusting engine operation based on a difference between the first and second fuel alcohol contents.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining an amount of alcohol in fuel injected into an engine based on outputs from an exhaust gas sensor. In one example, a method includes estimating a first fuel alcohol content based on an air-fuel ratio estimated with the exhaust oxygen sensor and estimating a second fuel alcohol content based on a change in sensor output during modulating a reference voltage of the exhaust oxygen sensor between a first and second voltage. The method further includes adjusting engine operation based on a difference between the first and second fuel alcohol contents.

Abstract: Embodiments for adjusting engine operating parameters based on output from an exhaust humidity sensor are provided. One example method for an engine comprises based on a dew point of exhaust gas, adjusting an exhaust gas sensor heater configured to heat an exhaust gas sensor disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine, the dew point based on output from a humidity sensor disposed in the exhaust passage.

Abstract: Methods are provided for accurately learning part-to-part variability of an intake or exhaust oxygen sensor. A correction factor is learned based on a sensor reading in dry air conditions, the dry air reading learned by applying a higher reference voltage to the sensor. An ethanol transfer function is then adjusted based on the learned correction factor so as to improve the accuracy of combusted fuel ethanol content estimation.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for an engine system with an exhaust gas recirculation system. In one example method, a correction for a gas constituent sensor is determined based on output from the gas constituent sensor and output from a pressure sensor over a range of boost pressure. The gas constituent sensor output is adjusted based on the correction, and an amount of exhaust gas recirculation is adjusted based on the adjusted gas constituent sensor output.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for accurately learning the zero point of an intake gas oxygen sensor in varying ambient humidity conditions. The learned zero point is corrected based on an estimated ambient humidity to calibrate the reading for dry air conditions or standard humidity conditions. EGR control is performed by comparing the output of an intake oxygen sensor during EGR conditions relative to the humidity-corrected zero point.

Abstract: Methods are provided for accurately learning part-to-part variability of an intake or exhaust oxygen sensor. A correction factor is learned based on sensor readings at voltages above and below a voltage corresponding to dry air conditions. An ethanol transfer function is then adjusted based on the learned correction factor so as to improve the accuracy of combusted fuel ethanol content estimation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for accurately learning the zero point of an intake gas oxygen sensor in varying ambient humidity conditions. The learned zero point is corrected based on an estimated ambient humidity to calibrate the reading for dry air conditions or standard humidity conditions. EGR control is performed by comparing the output of an intake oxygen sensor during EGR conditions relative to the humidity-corrected zero point.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for accurately learning the zero point of an intake gas oxygen sensor in varying ambient humidity conditions. The learned zero point is corrected based on an estimated ambient humidity to calibrate the reading for dry air conditions or standard humidity conditions. EGR control is performed by comparing the output of an intake oxygen sensor during EGR conditions relative to the humidity-corrected zero point.

Abstract: A polar modulator (200) comprises a modulation generator (10) arranged to generate phase modulation data and amplitude modulation data; and a phase modulation stage (20) arranged to generate a phase modulated, PM, carrier signal and a PM clock signal, wherein the PM carrier signal has a PM carrier signal frequency and the PM clock signal has a PM clock signal frequency, and the PM carrier signal frequency is higher than the PM clock signal frequency, the PM carrier signal and the PM clock signal are phase modulated by the phase modulation data, and the phase modulation stage (20) comprises an adjustable delay stage (50) arranged to adjust a relative delay between the PM carrier signal and the PM clock signal to a target value.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for detecting exhaust reductant injector degradation based on an exhaust NOx sensor are disclosed. In one example, degradation of the reductant injector is indicated when an actual NOx sensor output differs from an expected NOx sensor output by more than a threshold amount under engine off conditions.

Abstract: Methods are provided for accurately learning part-to-part variability of an intake or exhaust oxygen sensor. A correction factor is learned based on sensor readings at voltages above and below a voltage corresponding to dry air conditions. An ethanol transfer function is then adjusted based on the learned correction factor so as to improve the accuracy of combusted fuel ethanol content estimation.

Abstract: Methods are provided for accurately learning part-to-part variability of an intake or exhaust oxygen sensor. A correction factor is learned based on a sensor reading in dry air conditions, the dry air reading learned by applying a higher reference voltage to the sensor. An ethanol transfer function is then adjusted based on the learned correction factor so as to improve the accuracy of combusted fuel ethanol content estimation.

Abstract: A polar modulator (200) comprises a modulation generator (10) arranged to generate phase modulation data and amplitude modulation data; and a phase modulation stage (20) arranged to generate a phase modulated, PM, carrier signal and a PM clock signal, wherein the PM carrier signal has a PM carrier signal frequency and the PM clock signal has a PM clock signal frequency, and the PM carrier signal frequency is higher than the PM clock signal frequency, the PM carrier signal and the PM clock signal are phase modulated by the phase modulation data, and the phase modulation stage (20) comprises an adjustable delay stage (50) arranged to adjust a relative delay between the PM carrier signal and the PM clock signal to a target value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device comprising a device body with upper and lower body sides and having at least one surface support part for supporting the body on a surface, and a continuous flexible display. A support frame is configured to support at least a part of the flexible display, at least a portion of the support frame is connected with the device body and is movable with respect to the device body between a closed configuration for fixing the flexible display in a storage position and an open configuration for fixing the flexible display in an open position. There is at least one surface support part for supporting the support frame on a surface. In the open configuration the surface support parts of the support frame and of the lower body side are positioned in one plane, enabling a supporting of the surface support parts on a surface for a stable user interaction with the device in the open position of the display.