Abstract: A wireless communication method and a User Equipment (UE) for Random Access (RA) operations are provided. The wireless communication method includes receiving, from a Base Station (BS), a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration message including information related to a reconfiguration with synchronization, the information including a Contention Free Random Access (CFRA) configuration for 2-step Random Access (RA), the CFRA configuration configuring a resource and a maximum number of Message-A (MSGA) preamble transmissions; initiating an RA procedure, with an RA type set to a 2-step RA type, for the reconfiguration with synchronization; and discarding the resource in a case that a value of a preamble transmission counter reaches to the maximum number of MSGA preamble transmissions.

Abstract: A method and a user equipment (UE) for logical channel (LCH) configuration in small data transmission (SDT) are provided. The method includes: receiving, from a base station (BS), a radio resource control (RRC) release message; determining whether the RRC release message includes a specific configuration, the specific configuration including an SDT configuration and an SDT-specific LCH configuration; transitioning to an RRC_INACTIVE state after determining that the RRC release message includes the specific configuration; initiating an SDT procedure based on the SDT configuration when the UE is in the RRC_INACTIVE state; and applying at least one LCH restriction parameter included in the SDT-specific LCH configuration for a Logical Channel Prioritization (LCP) procedure during the SDT procedure.

Abstract: A method and a user equipment (UE) for reporting UE capability for small data transmission (SDT) are provided. The method includes: receiving, from a base station (BS), a UE capability enquiry message; setting, in response to receiving the UE capability enquiry message, a content of a UE capability information message to indicate whether the UE supports random access (RA)-SDT; and transmitting, to the BS, the UE capability information message after setting the content of the UE capability information message.

Abstract: A method and a user equipment (UE) for small data transmission (SDT) are provided. The method includes: receiving, from a base station (BS), a common time alignment (TA) timer configured via system information; receiving, from the BS, a configured grant (CG)-SDT-specific TA timer configured via a CG-SDT-specific configuration; and determining whether to maintain or release a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) based on the expirations of the common TA timer and the CG-SDT-specific TA timer, wherein the PUCCH is maintained if the UE determines that the CG-SDT-specific TA timer has expired, and the PUCCH is released if the UE determines that the common TA timer has expired.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) includes a processor coupled to the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media containing computer-executable instructions embodied therein. The processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to determine a transmission of a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) using a first uplink (UL) resource associated with a first configured grant (CG) configuration has not been successfully performed, the first UL resource being associated with a first hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, and the MAC PDU being obtained for the first HARQ process; receive a second CG configuration associated with a second UL resource for another transmission, the second UL resource being associated with a second HARQ process; and transmit the MAC PDU on the second UL resource when it is determined that the second UL resource is suitable for transmitting the MAC PDU.

Abstract: A vacuum cathode arc-induced pulsed thruster includes a housing where a triggering room and an electric discharging room are defined and are in communication with each other, a first anode unit and a first cathode unit concentrically disposed in the triggering room, a second anode unit disposed in the electric discharging room, an insulating fuel layer concentrically located between the first anode unit and the first cathode unit, a main insulating layer concentrically surrounded by the first cathode unit, and a second cathode unit inserted from the triggering room into the electric discharging room. Thus, the vacuum cathode arc-induced pulse thruster is lightweight and has low manufacturing costs, low system complexity, and less energy consumption. Carbon deposition caused during an electric discharging process is prevented from affecting an inducing effect to thereby prolong the service life of the thruster and increase the control precision and inducing precision effectively.

Abstract: A method performed by a UE for Listen Before Talk (LBT) failure detection and recovery includes the UE triggering a first consistent LBT failure procedure for a first consistent LBT failure detected on a first Bandwidth Part (BWP) of a first cell of a Base Station (BS); triggering a second consistent LBT failure procedure for a second consistent LBT failure detected on a second BWP of a second cell of the BS; triggering a first Scheduling Request (SR) procedure for the first consistent LBT failure; triggering a second SR procedure for the second consistent LBT failure; receiving, from the BS, an indication for BWP switching of the first cell; switching an active BWP of the first cell based on the indication; canceling the first consistent LBT failure procedure in response to receiving the indication; and canceling the first SR procedure in response to receiving the indication.

Abstract: A method for a random access (RA) procedure performed by a user equipment (UE) having a specific access identity value is provided. The method comprises receiving a mapping table from a base station; transmitting a first RA preamble to the base station; receiving a random access response (RAR) including a backoff value; setting a resultant backoff value by multiplying the backoff value by a specific backoff multiplier corresponding to the specific access identity value in a case that the specific access identity value is included in the mapping table and an indication corresponding to the specific access identity value is not a specific value; setting the resultant backoff value to the backoff value in a case that the specific access identity value is not included in the mapping table; and transmitting a second RA preamble to the base station after a duration indicated by the resultant backoff value expires.

Abstract: A method for a user equipment (UE) performing a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure is disclosed. The method comprises performing a first beam failure detection (BFD) procedure on a first cell, performing a second BFD procedure on a second cell, triggering a first BFR procedure for a first cell in response to a beam failure being detected on the first cell by the first BFD procedure, triggering a second BFR procedure for a second cell in response to a beam failure being detected on the second cell by the second BFD procedure, and canceling the triggered first BFR procedure for the first cell in response to a BFR report corresponding to at least one of the first and second BFR procedures being successfully transmitted to a base station (BS), wherein the BFR report includes BFR information of the first cell.

Abstract: A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes receiving, from a base station (BS), a Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration to configure a first semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and generating first uplink control information (UCI) in response to the first SPS PDSCH, where the RRC configuration includes a first parameter that indicates a priority of the first UCI.

Abstract: A method for continuous synthesis of acylnaphthalene includes: mixing a raw solution containing 2-methylnaphthalene with an acylation liquid to obtain an acylation reaction liquid with a molar ratio of the 2-methylnaphthalene:the acylation agent:the Lewis catalyst of 1:1.3:1.5; adding the acylation reaction liquid into a microchannel reactor and a plurality of kettle reactors connected in series to perform acylation reaction, performing hydrolysis reaction on the acylation reaction liquid immediately after the acylation reaction liquid flows out of the plurality of kettle reactors to obtain a mixed solution, and subjecting the mixed solution to separation, rectification and crystallization, to obtain 2-methyl-6-propionylnaphthalene.

Abstract: A method and a User Equipment (UE) for small data transmission are provided. The method includes receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) release message; measuring at least one Downlink (DL) Reference Signal (RS) to obtain a measurement result; selecting a particular Configure Grant (CG) resource for small data transmission according to the measurement result; determining whether a Timing Advance (TA) value for the particular CG resource is valid for small data transmission according to (i) an amount of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) change of a DL RS associated with the particular CG resource and (ii) whether a TA-related timer is running; and performing small data transmission on the particular CG resource after determining that the TA value is valid.

Abstract: A base station (BS) that includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable one or more instructions, and at least one processor coupled to the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media is provided. The at least one processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the BS to transmit a dynamic grant to a user equipment (UE) for scheduling a first uplink (UL) resource and a second UL resource, and receive a first Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) from the UE via the second UL resource in a case that transmission of the first MAC PDU to the BS via the first UL resource has failed and the second UL resource is available for transmitting the first MAC PDU. The first UL resource starts before the second UL resource in time domain, and the second UL resource is indicated for a new transmission.

Abstract: A method and a User Equipment (UE) for performing a small data transmission are provided. The method includes receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) release message; transitioning to an RRC_INACTIVE state in response to receiving the RRC release message; measuring at least one Downlink (DL) Reference Signal (RS) to obtain a measurement result; selecting a particular Configure Grant (CG) resource for the small data transmission according to the measurement result; determining whether a Timing Advance (TA) value for the particular CG resource is valid for small data transmission according to (i) an amount of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) change of a particular DL RS associated with the particular CG resource, the particular DL RS being one of the at least one DL RS, and (ii) whether a TA-related timer is running; and performing the small data transmission on the particular CG resource after determining that the TA value is valid.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general terms, to nanoparticle solutions, kits, devices and methods of use thereof. The present invention is suitable for use in quantifying bacterial cells in a sample. The method of quantifying bacterial cells in a sample comprises passing the sample in a liquid form and an aqueous nanoparticle solution through a porous substrate such that the bacterial cells in the sample is trapped on the porous substrate and can be quantified by a colorimetric and/or fluorescence output emitted from the nanoparticle bound to the bacterial cells.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for illumination planning is provided that includes providing a floorplan having at least one lighting space; and assigning functions to the at least one lighting space. The lighting space and functions assigned to the lighting space of the floorplan are matched to a historical lighting schema. A lighting layout is extracted from the historical lighting schema and matched to the lighting space. A light package is extracted from the historical lighting schema and matched to the lighting space. A calculation of lighting performance for the lighting layout and the light package that has been matched to the lighting space is conducted to determine whether the lighting performance meets a lighting standard or whether the lighting performance does not meet the lighting standard. The computer implemented method further includes producing a conclusion for the lighting scenario for suitability to the floorplan and functions.

Abstract: A smart power stage module includes an output stage and a driving circuit. The output stage includes a low-side switch and provides an output current. The driving circuit controls an operation of the output stage according to a PWM signal. The driving circuit includes a determination circuit generating a control signal according to the PWM signal and a signal combination circuit providing a current monitoring signal representing the output current. The current monitoring signal is a combination of a simulated current signal and an actual sensed current signal. The signal combination circuit includes a switching circuit switching according to the control signal to adjust a proportion of simulated current signal and actual sensed current signal. When the on-time period part of low-side switch is shorter than a default time period, the switching circuit shortens duration of simulated current signal in the current monitoring signal according to the control signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication method for performing logical-channel-based prioritization by a UE configured with a first IE relating to the logical-channel-based prioritization is provided. The wireless communication method includes: determining whether a PUCCH for an SR transmission overlaps a PUSCH; determining whether the UE is configured with a second IE relating to a simultaneous transmission function of the PUCCH for the SR transmission and the PUSCH; and in a case that the PUCCH for the SR transmission overlaps the PUSCH, performing the logical-channel-based prioritization according to at least one of: whether the UE is configured with the second IE, and a value of the second IE, if the UE is configured with the second IE.

Abstract: A method related to physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) cell switching and a user equipment (UE) are provided. The method includes: receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message from a base station; determining a PUCCH cell from the first cell and the second cell according to at least one PUCCH cell pattern; and transmitting the PUCCH transmission on the PUCCH cell during the time resource units. The RRC message includes at least one PUCCH cell pattern associated with multiple cell indexes and a first subcarrier spacing (SCS) associated with a first cell and a second SCS associated with a second cell. Each cell index corresponds to a cell, and the PUCCH cell pattern indicates which cell corresponds to one time resource unit used for PUCCH transmission.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) and a method for small data transmission (SDT) are provided. The method includes receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) release message from a Base Station (BS), the RRC release message indicating an SDT configuration including a Configured Grant (CG) configuration and a timer; initiating a transmission on an Uplink (UL) resource while the UE is in an RRC_INACTIVE state, the UL resource being either configured by the CG configuration or scheduled by a UL grant from the BS; starting or restarting the timer after initiating the transmission; and monitoring a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) addressed to a specific Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) on a specific search space while the timer is running.