Abstract: A method for manufacturing a component comprising bombarding nanoparticles in a dispersion with a laser to transform the ligand and cause the nanoparticles to drop out of the dispersion and deposit onto a substrate; and bombarding additional nanoparticles in the dispersion with the laser to transform the ligand and cause the nanoparticles to drop out of the dispersion and deposit onto the nanoparticles previously deposited out of the dispersion.

Abstract: A process for producing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) comprising introducing a butane feed stream (n-butane, i-butane) and hydrogen to a hydrogenolysis reactor comprising a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a hydrogenolysis product stream comprising hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, and optionally n-butane; separating the hydrogenolysis product stream into a first hydrogen-containing stream, an optional methane stream, a C2 to C3 gas stream (ethane, propane), and a butane stream (i-butane, optionally n-butane); feeding the butane stream to a dehydrogenation reactor to produce a dehydrogenation product stream, wherein the dehydrogenation reactor comprises a dehydrogenation catalyst, and wherein the dehydrogenation product stream comprises hydrogen, i-butane, and isobutylene; and feeding the dehydrogenation product stream and methanol to an etherification unit to produce an unreacted methanol stream, an unreacted isobutylene stream, and an MTBE stream.

Abstract: A hydrogenolysis bimetallic supported catalyst comprising a first metal, a second metal, and a zeolitic support; wherein the first metal and the second metal are different; and wherein the first metal and the second metal can each independently be selected from the group consisting of iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).

Abstract: Processes for the hydrogenolysis of butane are described. A process can include (a) introducing a butane feed and hydrogen to a first hydrogenolysis reactor comprising a hydrogenolysis catalyst, and (b) contacting the butane feed and hydrogen with the hydrogenolysis catalyst at conditions sufficient to produce a first hydrogenolysis product stream. The introduction of the butane feed stream and hydrogen to the first hydrogenolysis reactor can be controlled to maintain a hydrogen to butane molar ratio in the reactor inlet of 0.3:1 to 0.8:1.

Abstract: Processes for the hydrogenolysis of butane are described. A process can include (a) introducing a butane feed and hydrogen to a first hydrogenolysis reactor comprising a hydrogenolysis catalyst, and (b) contacting the butane feed and hydrogen with the hydrogenolysis catalyst at conditions sufficient to produce a first hydrogenolysis product stream. The introduction of the butane feed stream and hydrogen to the first hydrogenolysis reactor can be controlled to maintain a hydrogen to butane molar ratio in the reactor inlet of 0.3:1 to 0.8:1.

Abstract: A process for producing olefins comprising introducing butane feed (n-butane, i-butane) and hydrogen to hydrogenolysis reactor comprising hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a hydrogenolysis product stream (hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, optionally n-butane, optionally C5+ hydrocarbons); and feeding the hydrogenolysis product stream and hydrogen to hydrocracking reactor comprising a hydrocracking catalyst to produce hydrocracking product stream (hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, optionally n-butane), wherein the amount of i-butane in the hydrocracking product stream is less than in the hydrogenolysis product stream, and wherein the amount of ethane in the hydrocracking product stream is greater than in the hydrogenolysis product stream.

Abstract: A process for producing olefins comprising introducing butane feed (n-butane, i-butane) and hydrogen to hydrogenolysis reactor comprising hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a hydrogenolysis product stream (hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, optionally n-butane, optionally C5+ hydrocarbons); and feeding the hydrogenolysis product stream and hydrogen to hydrocracking reactor comprising a hydrocracking catalyst to produce hydrocracking product stream (hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, optionally n-butane), wherein the amount of i-butane in the hydrocracking product stream is less than in the hydrogenolysis product stream, and wherein the amount of ethane in the hydrocracking product stream is greater than in the hydrogenolysis product stream.

Abstract: A hydrogenolysis bimetallic supported catalyst comprising a first metal, a second metal, and a zeolitic support; wherein the first metal and the second metal are different; and wherein the first metal and the second metal can each independently be selected from the group consisting of iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).

Abstract: A process for producing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) comprising introducing a butane feed stream (n-butane, i-butane) and hydrogen to a hydrogenolysis reactor comprising a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a hydrogenolysis product stream comprising hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, and optionally n-butane; separating the hydrogenolysis product stream into a first hydrogen-containing stream, an optional methane stream, a C2 to C3 gas stream (ethane, propane), and a butane stream (i-butane, optionally n-butane); feeding the butane stream to a dehydrogenation reactor to produce a dehydrogenation product stream, wherein the dehydrogenation reactor comprises a dehydrogenation catalyst, and wherein the dehydrogenation product stream comprises hydrogen, i-butane, and isobutylene; and feeding the dehydrogenation product stream and methanol to an etherification unit to produce an unreacted methanol stream, an unreacted isobutylene stream, and an MTBE stream.

Abstract: A chemical reactor system includes: a feed; a methane oxychlorination catalyst, wherein a product of an oxychlorination reaction is dichloromethane; and a dichloromethane conversion catalyst, wherein the dichloromethane conversion catalyst provides a product stream having a dichloromethane selectivity less than 5%. The addition of the dichloromethane conversion catalyst to the reactor bed can decrease the amount of dichloromethane produced and increase the amount of monochloromethane produced. Accordingly, dichloromethane does not have to be separated from the product stream and the monochloromethane can then be used to produce other products, such as olefins.

Abstract: A solar module is provided. The solar module includes a plurality of frame elements in a surrounding arrangement and a solar panel. Each of the frame elements includes a support plate, a holding plate connected to an end of the support plate, and an adhesion member disposed on a lateral side of the holding plate away from the support plate. The adhesion members jointly form a first surface. The solar panel includes a translucent surface and a lower surface located at one side away from the translucent surface. The lower surface is joined with the frame elements via the adhesion members, and has an outer periphery substantially equal to an outer periphery of the first surface. The translucent surface is located at a highest horizontal height of the solar module.