Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process. In an embodiment, the process includes introducing an antifoulant into an ethylene feed of a reactor system. The reactor system includes the ethylene feed, a hyper-compressor, a preheater and a polymerization reactor. The ethylene feed is located upstream of the hyper-compressor. The antifoulant consists of an inhibitor, molecular oxygen, and optionally a solvent. As the ethylene feed is located upstream of the hyper-compressor, the process includes introducing the antifoulant into the ethylene feed upstream of the hyper-compressor. The process further includes adding a free radical initiator to the polymerization reactor. The process further includes polymerizing the ethylene in the polymerization reactor under high pressure free-radical polymerization conditions, and forming an ethylene-based polymer.

Abstract: A process for the telomerization of butadiene comprises reacting 1,3-butadiene and an alkanol, in the presence of a catalyst promoter and an alkoxydimerization catalyst comprising a Group VIII transition metal and a triarylphosphine ligand, which includes one phenyl that is mono-ortho-alkoxy substituted and at least one other phenyl including at least one substituent that withdraws electrons from the phosphorus atom. The product includes an alkoxy-substituted octadiene, which may then be used to produce 1-octene. The catalyst shows improved stability, activity and selectivity toward the alkoxy-substituted octadiene.

Abstract: A phosphine ligand suitable for use in telomerizing butadiene comprises two phenyl groups and a xanthene moiety.

Abstract: A phosphine-based catalyst composition suitable for the telomerization of butadiene to produce 1-octene includes palladium and one of a class of novel phosphine ligands characterized by two potentially functionalized phenyl rings and cyclized 5- or 6-member alkoxy groups that, together, bridge the two potentially functionalized phenyl rings. In these groups the alkoxy moiety of each is located ortho to at least one functionalizing moiety, if any, on the phenyl rings. The catalysts including this class of phosphine ligands may exhibit higher catalytic activity and selectivity, and may be used at lower temperatures, than many other phosphine ligand catalysts, reducing costs. Palladium precipitation may also be reduced.

Abstract: In an improved process for telomerizing butadiene, contact butadiene and an organic hydroxy compound represented by formula ROH (I), wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20-hydrocarbyl and the organic hydroxy compound is not glycerol, in a reaction fluid in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a phosphine ligand represented by formula PAr3 (II), wherein each Ar is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having a hydrogen atom on at least one ortho position, at least two Ar groups are ortho-hydrocarbyloxyl substituted aryls. The phosphine ligand has a total of two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5), or six (6) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20-hydrocarbyloxyls, and optionally, any two adjacent substituents on an Ar group can be bonded to form a 5- to 7-membered ring.

Abstract: A process for the telomerization of butadiene comprises reacting 1,3-butadiene and an alkanol, in the presence of a catalyst promoter and an alkoxydimerization catalyst comprising a Group VIII transition metal and a triarylphosphine ligand, which includes one phenyl that is mono-ortho-alkoxy substituted and at least one other phenyl including at least one substituent that withdraws electrons from the phosphorus atom. The product includes an alkoxy-substituted octadiene, which may then be used to produce 1-octene. The catalyst shows improved stability, activity and selectivity toward the alkoxy-substituted octadiene.

Abstract: A phosphine-based catalyst composition suitable for the telomerization of butadiene to produce 1-octene includes palladium and one of a class of novel phosphine ligands characterized by two potentially functionalized phenyl rings and a third phenyl group having an alkoxy functionality on one of the ortho-positions, which is part of a 5- or 6-membered ring between this ortho position and the adjacent meta position, this ring not being part of a second aryl group. The catalysts including this class of phosphine ligands may exhibit higher catalytic activity and selectivity, and may be used at lower temperatures, than many other phosphine ligand catalysts, reducing costs. Palladium precipitation may also be reduced.

Abstract: A phosphine ligand suitable for use in telomerizing butadiene comprises two phenyl groups and a xanthene moiety.

Abstract: In an improved process for telomerizing butadiene, contact butadiene and an organic hydroxy compound represented by formula ROH (I), wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20-hydrocarbyl and the organic hydroxy compound is not glycerol, in a reaction fluid in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a phosphine ligand represented by formula PAr3 (II), wherein each Ar is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having a hydrogen atom on at least one ortho position, at least two Ar groups are ortho-hydrocarbyloxyl substituted aryls. The phosphine ligand has a total of two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5), or six (6) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20-hydrocarbyloxyls, and optionally, any two adjacent substituents on an Ar group can be bonded to form a 5- to 7-membered ring.