Abstract: An information structure called a semaphore serves as a signalling mechanism in process synchronization. The semaphore is used to relate a process and an event which do not appear simultaneously. In accomplishing this, the semaphore is capable of storing the presence of events or resources waiting for processes or, alternatively, the presence of processes waiting for events or resources via a queue.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for executing a family of instructions provides synchronization of processes in a multiprocessing system. Representations of processes awaiting data (information units) such as the completion of an asynchronous operation or the availability of a resource are stored in a memory in a first queue and representations of information units available to processes are stored in memory in a second queue. Transfer of information units between processes is controlled by data elements known as "semaphores" stored in the memory. Each semaphore contains a field having a numerical value identifying which of the two different kinds of queues is present.

Abstract: Synchronization of processes in a multiprogramming/multiprocessing system is provided by P and V instructions that are executed during execution of processes and operate on data structures known as semaphores which represent processes and events. A process that performs P instruction requests data. The P instruction addresses a semaphore data structure stored in memory. If the semaphore indicates that the data is available, the process continues execution of its next instruction; otherwise, the process is stopped and placed into a wait state until the data become available. A process that performs a V instruction, on the other hand, delivers data to another process. The V instruction addresses a semaphore to determine whether another process is awaiting the data and data are transferred to an awaiting process. If no process is available, the V instruction enables one of the processes in the wait state tied to the same addressed semaphore to be transferred to the ready state.

Abstract: An information structure, or semaphore, serves as a signalling mechanism in process synchronization to connect a process and a non-simultaneously occurring event or resource. The semaphore is a data structure which stores representations of processes awaiting particular events or alternatively stores representations of events awaiting processes. Semaphore data structures are developed in two storage areas. First and second groups of process links are stored in the first storage area to establish, respectively, a first queue of processes ready to operate and a second queue, associated with the semaphore structure, of processes awaiting occurrences of a first particular event prior to being ready to operate. In the second storage area are stored first and second groups of message links to establish respectively a first queue, associated with a semaphore structure, representing second particular events and a second queue of unused links.

Abstract: A saddle-bow made integrally with a substantially oval cambered part, forming a seat, extended by two elongated portions which are orientated in the same direction and which are separated one from the other by a hollowed-out region to form a gap into which the withers of the horse may fit.

Abstract: A heavy-duty pneumatic tire having a continuous radial carcass extending from one bead to the other and a tread reinforcement of slightly curved meridian profile restraining the carcass on the outer side thereof is characterized by at least one ply of oblique elastic cords which form an angle of at most 30.degree. with the radial cords of the carcass. This ply is arranged radially inward of the carcass, extends in the transverse direction of the tire over a width greater than the maximum width of the tread reinforcement, and has its two edges located beyond the edges of the tread reinforcement.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has a tread reinforcement formed of at least two plies of cords which are parallel in each ply and crisscross from one ply to the other, and a tread of which the surface intended to make contact with the ground is narrower than the tread reinforcement. The plies of the tread reinforcement have cords arranged at angles of an absolute value at most equal to 45.degree. with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tire, at least in the zones farthest from the equatorial plane of the tire. On at least one side of the equatorial plane, the tread reinforcement emerges laterally from the portion of the tread not in contact with the ground, by an axial length at most equal to 50 percent of the axial half-width of the tread, measured at the place where the tread reinforcement emerges from the tread.

Abstract: In a pneumatic tire wherein the aspect ratio is at most 0.6, the carcass reinforcement, seen in meridian section, follows its natural equilibrium profile between the zone of contact of the side walls with the tread reinforcement and the zone of contact of the side walls with the respective bead rings. The profile is tangent to the bead rings, and the bead rings themselves have a reinforced torsional rigidity.

Abstract: Tire treads are made more resistant to "groove wear" without reducing adherence of the tread to wet or moist roads by providing specially located recesses and incisions in the critical zones formed by the salient angles and the reentrant angles of the broken-line circumferential ribs.

Abstract: A tire has its tire cavity filled with inexpensive lubricated light cellular particles and thereby avoids deformation and flattening of the tire upon loss of inflation pressure while maintaining vehicular control.

Abstract: A tire has its tire cavity filled with inexpensive lubricated light cellular particles and thereby avoids deformation and flattening of the tire upon loss of inflation pressure while maintaining vehicular control.

Abstract: The tread of a pneumatic tire is formed with relief blocks and with grooves that delimit the relief blocks and that open onto the edges of the tread. The relief blocks have sections parallel to their surface of contact with the ground which have central ellipses of inertia which are substantially circular and identical. At least some of the relief blocks are formed with a recess and with a straight connecting groove communicating with the recess and with the closest delimiting groove. The delimiting groove provide paths for the removal of water during travel of the tire on a wet road that extend obliquely forward in the direction of travel and facilitate discharge of water at the edges of the tread.

Abstract: The tread of a tubeless tire for trucks has circumferential ribs the edges of which are formed with transverse incisions closely spaced apart from one another. The length of the incisions increases with depth in order to improve the wear properties of the tread.

Abstract: The tread reinforcement of a pneumatic tire comprises at least two plies of cords that are crossed with respect to each other and oblique with respect to the longitudinal direction. The carcass reinforcement comprises at least one principal ply extending from one bead to the other and two auxiliary plies having cords oblique with respect to the longitudinal direction and arranged one on one side and the other on the other side of the median plane of the tire. The cords of the principal ply are oblique with respect to the radial direction in the zones in which the auxiliary plies are mounted and radial in other zones.

Abstract: The tread of a giant pneumatic radial tire for use on heavy-duty road vehicles is divided by two wide circumferential grooves into three wide circumferential ribs. The wide ribs are substantially free of grooves therein interrupting their circumferential continuity and of wide circumferential grooves.