Abstract: A teleoperated surgical system is provided comprising: a first robotic surgical instrument; an image capture; a user display; a user input command device coupled to receive user input commands to control movement of the first robotic surgical instrument; and a movement controller coupled to scale a rate of movement of the first robotic surgical instrument, based at least in part upon a surgical skill level at using the first robotic surgical instrument of the user providing the received user input commands, from a rate of movement indicated by the user input commands received at the user input command device.

Abstract: A system quantifying clinical skill of a user, comprising: collecting data relating to a surgical task done by a user using a surgical device; comparing the data for the surgical task to other data for another similar surgical task; quantifying the clinical skill of the user based on the comparing of the data for the surgical task to the other data for the other similar surgical task; outputting the clinical skill of the user.

Abstract: A surgical method is provided for use with a teleoperated surgical system (surgical system), the method comprising: recording surgical instrument kinematic information indicative of surgical instrument motion produced within the surgical system during the occurrence of the surgical procedure; determining respective kinematic signatures associated with respective surgical instrument motions; producing an information structure in a computer readable storage device that associates respective kinematic signatures with respective control signals; comparing, during a performance of the surgical procedure surgical instrument kinematic information during the performance with at least one respective kinematic signature; launching, during a performance of the surgical procedure an associated respective control signal in response to a match between surgical instrument kinematics during the performance and a respective kinematic signature.

Abstract: A system comprises a user control system including an input control device for controlling motion of a virtual medical instrument through a virtual passageway. The system further comprises a display for displaying a graphical user interface and a plurality of training modules. The graphical user interface includes a representation of the virtual medical instrument and a representation of the virtual passageway. The system further comprises a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium that stores a plurality of instructions executable by one or more computer processors. The instructions for performing operations comprise navigating the virtual medical instrument through the virtual passageway based on commands received from the user control system and evaluating one or more performance metrics for tracking the navigation of the virtual medical instrument through the virtual passageway.

Abstract: A surgical method is provided for use with a teleoperated surgical system (surgical system), the method comprising: recording surgical instrument kinematic information indicative of surgical instrument motion produced within the surgical system during the occurrence of the surgical procedure; determining respective kinematic signatures associated with respective surgical instrument motions; producing an information structure in a computer readable storage device that associates respective kinematic signatures with respective control signals; comparing, during a performance of the surgical procedure surgical instrument kinematic information during the performance with at least one respective kinematic signature; launching, during a performance of the surgical procedure an associated respective control signal in response to a match between surgical instrument kinematics during the performance and a respective kinematic signature.

Abstract: A method of operating a surgical control system comprises generating an image of a surgical environment from a viewpoint of an imaging tool. The image includes a field of view. The method further comprises displaying the image on a display system configured to be mounted to a head of a user. The method further comprises detecting a movement of the head of the user and determining if the movement of the user's head is within a boundary corresponding to the field of view. The method further comprises, if the movement of the user's head is determined to be within the boundary: generating a changed image of the surgical environment from a changed viewpoint of the imaging tool; and displaying the changed image on the display system. The changed image includes a changed field of view corresponding to the detected movement of the user's head.

Abstract: A method of operating a surgical control system comprises displaying an image of a surgical environment, from a field of view of an imaging instrument, on a display system. The display system is configured for mounting to a head of a user. The method also includes detecting an imaging control input from the user and responsive to the detection of the imaging control input, enabling an imaging control mode of the surgical control system. The method also includes detecting a movement of the head of the user. While the surgical control system is in the imaging control mode and responsive to the user's head movement, an image of the surgical environment from a changed field of view of the imaging instrument is displayed. The changed field of view corresponds to the detected movement of the user's head.

Abstract: A medical system comprises an eye tracking unit which includes an image display, an eye tracker, and a processor. The image display is configured to display to a user an image of a surgical field. The eye tracker is configured to measure data corresponding to eye gaze dynamics of the user during a procedure. The processor configured to assess a stress or fatigue level of the user based on the measured data. A corresponding method includes displaying an image of a surgical field on an image display, measuring a gaze point of a user during a procedure with an eye tracker, measuring data corresponding to eye gaze dynamics of the user during the procedure, and assessing a stress or fatigue level of the user based on the measured data.

Abstract: A medical system comprises an eye tracking unit. The eye tracking unit includes an image display configured to display to a user an image of a surgical field and an eye tracker configured to measure data about a gaze point of the user during a procedure. The eye tracking unit also includes a processor configured to process the data to determine an evaluation factor based on movement of the gaze point of the user during the procedure and compare the evaluation factor to baseline gaze point data.

Abstract: A surgical method is provided for use with a teleoperated surgical system (surgical system), the method comprising: recording surgical instrument kinematic information indicative of surgical instrument motion produced within the surgical system during the occurrence of the surgical procedure; determining respective kinematic signatures associated with respective surgical instrument motions; producing an information structure in a computer readable storage device that associates respective kinematic signatures with respective control signals; comparing, during a performance of the surgical procedure surgical instrument kinematic information during the performance with at least one respective kinematic signature; launching, during a performance of the surgical procedure an associated respective control signal in response to a match between surgical instrument kinematics during the performance and a respective kinematic signature.

Abstract: A surgical method is provided for use with a teleoperated surgical system (surgical system), the method comprising: recording surgical instrument kinematic information indicative of surgical instrument motion produced within the surgical system during the occurrence of the surgical procedure; determining respective kinematic signatures associated with respective surgical instrument motions; producing an information structure in a computer readable storage device that associates respective kinematic signatures with respective control signals; comparing, during a performance of the surgical procedure surgical instrument kinematic information during the performance with at least one respective kinematic signature; launching, during a performance of the surgical procedure an associated respective control signal in response to a match between surgical instrument kinematics during the performance and a respective kinematic signature.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes a preparation of virus-like particles (VLPs) obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of a subject and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. The VLPs can include bacteriophages, eukaryotic viruses, or gene transfer agents. A VLP composition may be administered to a subject having, or at risk of having dysbiosis, in an amount effective to amelio-rate at least one symptom or clinical sign of dysbiosis. A VLP composition also may be administered to a subject in preparation for administering a source of bacteria, to improve the receptivity of subject's gut to source of bacteria.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition generally includes a compound that reduces H2S in the gut of a subject and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the compound that reduces H2S in the gut of a subject can include magnesium or a salt thereof, bismuth or a salt thereof, molybdenum or a salt thereof, zinc or a salt thereof, iron or a salt thereof, nickel or a salt thereof, nitrate or a salt thereof, cobinamide or a salt thereof, a heme protein, an antimicrobial, an antibiotic, a prebiotic, a probiotic, or a synbiotic. In another aspect, a method of detecting H2S-mediated hyperdynamic circulation, or a consequence thereof in a subject having, or at risk of having, H2S-mediated hyperdynamic circulation generally includes obtaining a biological sample from the subject, measuring H2S in the sample, and identifying the subject as having H2S-mediated hyperdynamic circulation if the H2S measured in the sample is greater than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of diagnosing constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by screening for the presence of abnormally high levels of methane and/or methanogenic organisms in a subject.

Abstract: A method of operating a surgical control system comprises displaying an image of a surgical environment, from a field of view of an imaging instrument, on a display system. The display system is configured for mounting to a head of a user. The method also includes detecting an imaging control input from the user and responsive to the detection of the imaging control input, enabling an imaging control mode of the surgical control system. The method also includes detecting a movement of the head of the user. While the surgical control system is in the imaging control mode and responsive to the user's head movement, an image of the surgical environment from a changed field of view of the imaging instrument is displayed. The changed field of view corresponds to the detected movement of the user's head.

Abstract: A teleoperated surgical system is provided comprising: a first robotic surgical instrument; an image capture; a user display; a user input command device coupled to receive user input commands to control movement of the first robotic surgical instrument; and a movement controller coupled to scale a rate of movement of the first robotic surgical instrument, based at least in part upon a surgical skill level at using the first robotic surgical instrument of the user providing the received user input commands, from a rate of movement indicated by the user input commands received at the user input command device.

Abstract: A medical system comprises an eye tracking unit. The eye tracking unit includes an image display configured to display to a user an image of a surgical field and an eye tracker configured to measure data about a gaze point of the user during a procedure. The eye tracking unit also includes a processor configured to process the data to determine an evaluation factor based on movement of the gaze point of the user during the procedure and compare the evaluation factor to baseline gaze point data.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of diagnosing constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by screening for the presence of abnormally high levels of methane and/or methanogenic organisms in a subject.

Abstract: Described herein is a teleoperational medical system for performing a medical procedure in a surgical field. The teleoperational system comprises an eye tracking unit and a control unit. The eye tracking unit includes an image display configured to display to a user an image of the surgical field, at least one eye tracker configured to measure data about a gaze point of the user, and a processor configured to process the data to determine a viewing location in the displayed image at which the gaze point of the user is directed. The control unit is configured to control at least one function of the teleoperational medical system based upon the determined viewing location.

Abstract: A system quantifying clinical skill of a user, comprising: collecting data relating to a surgical task done by a user using a surgical device; comparing the data for the surgical task to other data for another similar surgical task; quantifying the clinical skill of the user based on the comparing of the data for the surgical task to the other data for the other similar surgical task; outputting the clinical skill of the user.