Abstract: Mechanical pipe joints formed between first and second sections of metal pipe or tubing. A pin section on the end of the first pipe section has a cylindrical pin section and a formed pin section that provides the bottom contour of a tapered annular cavity and is coated with sealant. A socket on the end of the second pipe section has a cylindrical socket section and a tapered socket section that forms the remaining contour of the tapered annular cavity. The pin is hydraulically forced into the socket until the end of the formed pin section engages the tapered socket section. The cylindrical socket section of the socket has an inside diameter less than the outside diameter of the cylindrical pin section to form an interference fit that provides the strength of the joint. Sealant is extruded longitudinally and trapped in the tapered annular cavity to prevent leaking.

Abstract: Methods for installing liners in metal pipes incorporating the embodiments of this invention are disclosed. Liner (30), pulled through the pipe, is cut back to the correct position in socket (22) and pin (36). Socket clamp (32) or pin clamp (42) is placed over extrusion rod (78) of reverse calibration machine (60). Liner clamp mandrel (76) is installed behind the clamp. First hydraulic cylinder (64) and second hydraulic cylinder (66) in reverse calibrator frame (62) are activated to move extrusion rod (78). The tapered surface of liner clamp mandrel (76) comes in contact with the clamp, expanding the clamp walls as the hard tool steel of the mandrel contacts the softer steel of the clamp. Liner clamp mandrel (76) passes fully through the clamp completing the installation. Liner (30) is locked between socket clamp (32) or pin clamp (42) and the inside wall of the calibrated section of socket (22) or pin (36).

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is for the players to correctly call as many penalties, or infractions of the rules, as possible while viewing a sporting event. Each player is provided with a signalling device which he either activates or throws when he sees what he believes to be an infraction of the rules. The first player to correctly signal the occurrence of the infraction is awarded multiple points and subsequently signalling players are awarded a lesser number of points or penalized for not signalling. A selected number of points are deducted from a player's score when he signals a penalty when none is called by the officials on the field or court and the players not signalling at those times are awarded a selected number of points for not signalling to minimize anticipation of penalties by players. At the end of the game, the player with the highest score is the winner.