Abstract: An improved process for preparing quinolone- and naphthyridonecarboxylic acids and esters thereof from benzoyl chlorides and nicotinoyl chlorides, respectively, in which the reaction carried out in the presence of a non-polar to slightly polar solvent without separation of intermediaries that form during the process.

Abstract: The molecular weight distribution of polytetrahydrofuran and copolymers of tetrahydrofuran with alkylene oxides is narrowed down by blending the polymers with a mixture of an alicyclic compound, methanol and water at a temperature ranging from 0-40° C. The two phases formed are separated at 40-80° C., and polymers with low molecular weight distributions are isolated therefrom.

Abstract: Roll winding device and process for use, e.g., in a reel slitting device. The roll winding device includes a roll carrier device, a pneumatic pressure release device including a plurality of blow boxes having top sides with escape nozzles, and a rocker arm on which the blow boxes are mounted in articulated pairs. The blow boxes are swivelably adjustable on tilting axes that run parallel to a roll axis. The process includes positioning the blow boxes beneath a peripheral surface of a roll being wound on the winding machine and ejecting air through the escape nozzles in the blow boxes directed toward the peripheral surface to orient the top surface of the blow box substantially parallel to a tangent of the peripheral surface and to position the top surfaces of the blow boxes a substantially same distance from the peripheral surface. In this manner, the ejected air forms an air cushion under the roll.

Abstract: A supported catalyst includes: a) 0.5-15 wt. % of one or more Cu-II compounds, the quantitative amounts referring to copper metal; b) 0.1-8 wt. % of one or more alkali metal compounds, the quantitative amounts referring to alkali metal; c) 0.1-10 wt. % of an oxide mixture including; c1) 80-95 mole % of oxides of cerite rare earths with atomic Nos. 57 to 62, except promethium, and c2) 5-20 mole % of zirconium dioxide, where c1) and c2) must together total 100 mole % and the quantitative amount of c) refers to the oxides of the mixture, and d) the remainder up to 100 wt. % being .gamma. and/or .alpha.-aluminum oxide as support material, wherein e) the support material d) has a total pore volume in the range from 0.65 to 1.2 cm.sup.3 /g, and wherein f) the supported catalyst is present in the form of cylindrical hollow bodies having at least one passage channel, the ratio of height h to external diameter d.sup.e being less than 1.5 for diameters d.sub.e of up to 6 mm, and the ratio h/d.sub.e being less than 0.

Abstract: Reel cutter and method for a substantially continuously winding-on of partial web rolls. The reel cutter may include a cutting section adapted for cutting a material web into a plurality of partial webs and a winding section adapted for winding the plurality of partial webs onto partial web rolls. The partial web rolls may be arranged such that neighboring partial web rolls are located in winding position groups positionally offset from one another. The winding section may include at least one additional and no more than twice the number of winding position groups necessary for winding-on of the partial web rolls.

Abstract: A method of separating heteropoly compounds from mixtures of polyethers, polyesters and/or polyether esters, a protic component and heteropoly compounds, wherein the protic component is removed from the mixture and subsequently separating off the heteropoly compound as a separate phase. The polymer phase which remains is preferably brought into further contact with a solid adsorbent that is capable of adsorbing heteropoly compounds.

Abstract: A reel slitter includes a slitting station for slitting a material web into partial webs and a winding station to wind the partial webs into partial web rolls. A transporter conveys at least one partial web from the slitting station. The transporter is disposed between the slitting station and the winding station. In order to provide for the winding of the partial webs across the entire width of the partial webs, the transporter has a width which is narrower than the material web. The transporter is also movable transversely to the running direction of the partial webs.

Abstract: A process for the continuous and discontinuous production of tetrahydrofuran polymers by homopolymerizing tetrahydrofuran or copolymerizing tetrahydrofuran with 1,2-alkylene oxides in the presence of compounds with reactive hydrogen or carboxylic acid anhydrides on an acid-treated, calcined and granulated aluminium silicate catalyst which may consist of amorphous aluminium silicate, a zeolite or kaolin. By keeping the concentration of carboxylic acid anhydride or alkylene oxide constant below 1 wt. % in the polymerization recipe throughout the polymerization it is possible to largely prevent the formation of cyclic ethers and to obtain a polymer with a very narrow molecular weight distribution. In granular form, the catalysts exhibit a hitherto unknown activity and form polymers with a very narrow molecular weight distribution and low color and acid numbers.

Abstract: Ring-halogenated benzoyl chlorides are obtained in a particularly advantageous manner if ring-halogenated benzotrichlorides are reacted with formic acid in the presence of iron salts.

Abstract: A process and device for controlling the inclination of rail vehicle boxes in a railway vehicle, the rail vehicle boxes sitting on spring-suspended bogies with at least one pair of wheels which can be pivoted about the longitudinal axis. The centrifugal acceleration in the horizontal plane is determined and a setpoint is calculated for the absolute inclination of the box relative to the earth. An actual value of the absolute inclination of the box relative to the earth is determined and at least one control signal is formed from the difference between the setpoint and the actual value of the absolute inclination of the box. The angle between the bogie and the box is adjusted across the direction of travel as a function of the control signal thus formed. This makes it possible to control the inclination of the box independently of the type of track banking design and any possible interference.

Abstract: 4-Fluorothiophenol is obtained in outstanding purifies and yields if 4-fluorobenzenesulphonyl chloride is reacted with sodium hydrogen sulphite solution to give a solution of sodium 4-fluorobenzenesulphinate, this solution is reduced with sulphur dioxide to give 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl disulphide and finally this is reacted with sodium borohydride in a water-miscible inert organic solvent to give 4-fluorothiophenol (sodium salt). Free 4-fluorothiophenol can be isolated from the sodium salt solution by acidification.

Abstract: A weft thread brake for a loom has brake force application members controlled by a drive such as a high resolution stepping motor or a continuously adjustable drive for reducing or increasing a gap between the brake force application members. The weft thread moves through this gap. A thread tension sensor is arranged downstream of the brake and produces an actual thread tension signal that is used for producing in a closed loop unit, a brake force control signal for controlling the brake force in dependence on the actual thread tension signal. A rated weft thread tension value may be compared in the control unit with the measured actual weft thread tension signal and the result of this comparison is then used to produce the control signal to adapt the brake force to the thread characteristics and to maintain at all times during a weft thread insertion the required weft thread tension.

Abstract: plurality of synthetic-resin strands are made in a nozzle having a housing forming a passage having an upstream end and a downstream end. The downstream end is formed as an elongated slot having a relatively great length and a relatively short width measured perpendicular to its length. An extruder connected to the housing at the upstream end of the passage introduces a fluent thermoplastic synthetic resin thereinto under pressure so the resin exits from the slot in a predetermined flow direction. A plurality of blades are retained in holders on the nozzle immediately downstream of the downstream of the passage at the slot with each blade traversing the slot crosswise of its length. Thus the resin exiting from the slot is cut by the blades into the strands. The holders are adjustable along the slot for horizontally displacing and fixing the blades so as to vary the dimensions of the strands.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for the implementation of a fast discrete Fourier transform in real time through the controlled operation of cross-linked butterfly, or kernel, operators. The circuit arrangement will successively transmit the two halves of a sequence of complex input words through a series-parallel input register and an interim data storage to a plurality of butterfly operators which operate in parallel, whose outputs are switchable by a multiplexer for recursive linkage with the interim storage or, in essence, for the delivery of the frequency range-output words to a parallel-series output register.

Abstract: The invention relates to a push-pull actuator for key switches with a mushroom knob (1) which is loaded by a restoring force and is supported longitudinally movable. This mushroom knob (1) is separated from the actuating plunger. This actuating plunger is spring-loaded in the switching direction and is locked in the operating position by rocker levers (13). The locking is cancelled by a relative motion between the mushroom knob (1) and the actuating plunger (6) by the sliding of inclined surfaces (23) at the edges of the rocker levers (13) so that the actuating plunger is moved into the off position by the spring (20). In the off position, the rocker levers (13) with the back sides (19) are brought into engagement with the end faces (18) of the rocker levers.

Abstract: A star-shaped array of channeled rolls in a rolling mill for rolling bar stock has the rolls pressed together with a pressing force exceeding the rolling force by a prestressing force sufficient to cause frustoconical flanks of the rolls to forceably press against one another. This stabilizes the rolls and also permits a fine adjustment of the diameter of the passage defined between them.

Abstract: A process for preparing benzoic anhydride which comprises contacting benzotrichloride with benzoic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2-3 at a temperature in the range of 100.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: A holder for filter bags for preparing tea and similar beverages. A clamping body is provided which is embodied in a manner similar to a hair clip, and has three legs which extend approximately parallel to one another. The two outer legs are preloaded relative to one another in a known manner in such a way that they can be brought out of one stable end position (closed position) by closing the angular aperture between the central leg and the two outer legs into the other stable end position (closed position), in which respective slot-like, narrow openings remain between the edges of the central leg and the respectively adjacent edges of the two outer legs. Also provided is a chain, one end of which is fastened to the clamping body, and the other end of which is provided with a hook which is suitable for fastening the chain on components of a brewing container.

Abstract: A pushbutton contactor has means for transforming the contacting function into a locking function or vice versa in which detent means are provided on the actuating member which cooperate with cam surfaces in the guide cylinder of the pushbutton contactor. Different cam surfaces in a guide cylinder are offset from each other and can be brought into operative connection with the detent means. By simple displacement of the actuating member, the function of the pushbutton contact can be changed from a locking to an intermittent contact or vice versa.

Abstract: A self developing type photographic apparatus wherein one of the spread rollers is driven by one or two toothed racks forming part of or constituting a manually reciprocable handle. One of the racks further rotates a gear which programs the movements of an expelling device for exposed film units, the movements of a device which controls the width of the gap between the spread rollers and the cocking of the shutter.