Abstract: A method for cell disruption of biogenic suspended raw materials by means of a combination of pressurization, atomization and decompression with a subsequent selective extraction and separation of cellular valuable substances includes at least one reservoir cubicle serving as reservoir for a suspension composed of biogenic raw material and at least another reservoir cubicle utilized as reservoir for a solvent. A cellular extract is produced in one unit for cell disruption, and is subsequently flown through by a gas in an extraction stage. The gas burdened with cellular valuable substances is separated from the cellular valuable substances in a separation stage by lowering the pressure. The suspension includes biogenic raw material pressurized to a pressure of 100-2500 bar by a device for pressure boosting. The solvent is pressurized to a pressure of 100-2500 bar by a device for pressure boosting.

Abstract: In a method for extracting products of value from animal or vegetable starting material, a solution is to be created, with which extraction is improved, with regard to both the yield and separation of natural products to be extracted, and management of the method. This is achieved in that soluble constituents are extracted from the starting material in a first extraction step, using CO2, and subsequently, in a second extraction step, other constituents are extracted with compressed hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for suspending and introducing solid matter in a high-pressure process, for example colorant pigments in a high-pressure process, in which a supercritical fluid is used as the process medium and a pressure in excess of 150 bar prevails. According to the invention, the suspension of the solid matter takes place at a low-pressure in a completely separate suspension method. In the latter, the solid matter is suspended or partially dissolved in a non-critical, liquid gas. The pressure in said suspension method is less than 90% of the critical pressure of the liquid gas. The suspension is introduced into the high-pressure process by means of a pump.

Abstract: According to a known method for producing a component by means of a powdery starting material, powder is mixed with auxiliaries comprising binding agents, whereby a free-flowing mass is produced. A green body is produced from the mass by means of powder injection moulding. A portion of the auxiliaries is extracted by heating the green body in a container and exposing said body to a stream of solvents. The green body is sintered, whereby the component is produced. The aim of the invention is to enable fast and gentle extraction for releasing green bodies which are produced by means of powder injection moulding. According to the invention, the extraction comprises a heating-up phase during which the temperature of the green body is permanently or gradually increased and the green body is overflown by solvent in the form of a compressed, supercritical treatment gas.

Abstract: According to a known method for producing a component by means of a powdery starting material, powder is mixed with auxiliaries comprising binding agents, whereby a free-flowing mass is produced. A green body is produced from the mass by means of powder injection moulding. A portion of the auxiliaries is extracted by heating the green body in a container and exposing said body to a stream of solvents. The green body is sintered, whereby the component is produced. The aim of the invention is to enable fast and gentle extraction for releasing green bodies which are produced by means of powder injection moulding. According to the invention, the extraction comprises a heating-up phase during which the temperature of the green body is permanently or gradually increased and the green body is overflown by solvent in the form of a compressed, supercritical treatment gas.

Abstract: A high-pressure generating apparatus including a high-pressure chamber, a low-pressure chamber located beneath the high-pressure chamber and having a diameter substantially larger than the diameter of the high-pressure chamber, a tandem piston having first and second portions displaceable in the high-pressure and low-pressure chambers, respectively, for building-up pressure therein, and a yoke embracing the high-pressure and low-pressure chambers for applying a pressure force to the high-pressure chamber cover and the low-pressure chamber bottom upon built-up of pressure in the high pressure and low-pressure chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a closure system for pressure vessels, the closure consisting of a cover and of two clamp halves each of which can be moved into closing or open position by means of guiding elements. The clamp halves, the cover, and the pressure vessel housing being equipped with stop surfaces, the stop surfaces of the clamp halves being opposite to those of the cover and of the pressure vessel housing in closing position. The closure system is especially suitable in cases where an entirely automatic closing device is required for pressure vessels having an operating pressure of more than 10 bar.The clamp halves are connected by means of tensible flexible bearings to guiding elements to allow for a cover movement in axial direction. The tension of the flexible bearings is sufficient for automatic resetting of the clamp halves into zero position after depressurization of the vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a rigid, essentially elbow-shaped coaxial double pipe with a hollow space between inner and outer pipes, consisting of an elbow-shaped cold-bent high-pressure pipe for operating pressures of over 1000 bar as the inner pipe, the two shanks of the elbow each comprising a straight piece of pipe with a length of at least 5 times the outside diameter, and an elbow-shaped cold or hot-bent outer pipe which envelops the inner pipe in a manner as to leave an annular space between inner and outer pipes and extending the length of the outer pipe, with the outer pipe enveloping the bend and one straight shank only. Elbow-shaped coaxial double pipes of this type can, for instance, be part of a heat exchanger of up to 3000 m in length in the form of a coil type cooler comprising a plurality of straight pipes and U-shaped bends.