Abstract: An evaluation method for radar measurement data of a mobile radar measurement system includes the steps of preparing a multidimensional range-Doppler map from the radar measurement data. In this evaluation method, each multidimensional range-Doppler map is stored together with time information. Moreover, at least one multidimensional range-Doppler map with time information is propagated on the basis of known movement data of the radar measurement system to the current time. The multiple multidimensional range-Doppler maps may be combined to form a combined range-Doppler map.

Abstract: An electronics module may include at least one power semiconductor that is connected in a thermally conductive manner to an integral heat sink. The electronics module may further include a turbulence element that can move in a laser sintered cooling channel of the heat sink. The turbulence element may be laser sintered with the heat sink in a common laser sintering process.

Abstract: A control device controls a heating device for heating a component, in particular a lambda sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a regulating device for regulating an air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine (10), wherein an exhaust-gas composition of an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (10) is determined by virtue of an actual probe signal, which is dependent on the exhaust-gas composition, being detected by means of an exhaust-gas probe (22) and the exhaust-gas composition being determined as a function of the actual probe signal by means of a characteristic curve or a calculation rule, and wherein the determined exhaust-gas composition is compared with a setpoint value or a threshold value, the attainment or exceedance of which triggers a manipulation of the air-fuel ratio supplied to the internal combustion engine (10), wherein, in order to take into consideration at least one disturbance variable which affects the actual probe signal, a safety margin (?S) is defined which is applied to the characteristic curve or calculation rule, to the actual probe signal or to the set

Abstract: The invention relates to a micro cooling element (1) with a mounting surface (2) for a component to be cooled, in particular a semiconductor component, which has within it a micro cooling structure (3) which is connected by connection channels (4) to at least one inflow opening (4a) and at least one outflow opening (4b) by means of which a cooling medium can be supplied to the micro cooling structure (3) or be discharged from the latter, and which is characterized in that it is formed from at least two different powdery and/or liquid, in particular metallic and/or ceramic, materials or material mixtures (10) while maintaining a monolithic structure, wherein regions of different stresses (I, II) of the micro cooling element (1) are built by a powdery and/or liquid, in particular metallic and/or ceramic materials or material mixtures (10) being adapted to the stress respectively. The invention further relates to an apparatus and a process for producing a micro cooling element according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine. According to the method, an exhaust gas produced by the internal combustion engine is conducted across a 3-way catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust duct. A lambda probe detects a value characteristic of an exhaust-gas lambda number upstream of the 3-way catalytic converter, and transmits said value to an engine control unit with an integrated PI or PID regulator. By means of the PI or PID regulator of the engine control unit, through the specification of a setpoint value, a substantially stoichiometric exhaust-gas lambda number is set, and the exhaust-gas lambda number is, with predefined periodic setpoint value variation, deflected alternately in the direction of a lean lambda number and a rich lambda number (lambda modulation).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a regulating device for regulating an air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine (10), wherein an exhaust-gas composition of an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (10) is determined by virtue of an actual probe signal, which is dependent on the exhaust-gas composition, being detected by means of an exhaust-gas probe (22) and the exhaust-gas composition being determined as a function of the actual probe signal by means of a characteristic curve or a calculation rule, and wherein the determined exhaust-gas composition is compared with a setpoint value or a threshold value, the attainment or exceedance of which triggers a manipulation of the air-fuel ratio supplied to the internal combustion engine (10), wherein, in order to take into consideration at least one disturbance variable which affects the actual probe signal, a safety margin (?S) is defined which is applied to the characteristic curve or calculation rule, to the actual probe signal or to the set

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a control device for controlling a heating device (26) for heating a component (24), in particular a lambda sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine. According to the method, an exhaust gas produced by the internal combustion engine is conducted across a 3-way catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust duct. A lambda probe detects a value characteristic of an exhaust-gas lambda number upstream of the 3-way catalytic converter, and transmits said value to an engine control unit with an integrated PI or PID regulator. By means of the PI or PID regulator of the engine control unit, through the specification of a setpoint value, a substantially stoichiometric exhaust-gas lambda number is set, and the exhaust-gas lambda number is, with predefined periodic setpoint value variation, deflected alternately in the direction of a lean lambda number and a rich lambda number (lambda modulation).

Abstract: In a method for operating a lambda sensor disposed in an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine,—the heating element is subjected to a predefined heating power substantially with the start of the engine;—during the heating process, the sensor signal is detected and compared to a threshold value specified for a lean and/or rich fuel/air mixture ratio, wherein the threshold value correlates with a sensor temperature, which is below the water ingestion critical temperature, and to a valid lambda signal,—when one of the specified threshold values is reached for the first time, a measured variable correlating with the sensor temperature is determined and the lambda signal is set as valid and forwarded, and—the determined measured variable correlating with the sensor temperature is transferred to a closed heating element control loop as a target value that corresponds to a target temperature.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and a system for controlling a drive torque of a hybrid drive unit (10) of an automobile after a start. The hybrid drive unit (10) includes a first drive source (12), in particular an internal combustion engine, includes at least one electric machine (14), which can be operated either in motor-mode or in generator-mode, wherein the electric machine (14) provides in motor operation an electromotive torque (M_EM), which in conjunction with a torque (M_VM) of the first drive source (12) represents a total drive torque of the drive unit (10), and supplies in generator-mode electric power.

Abstract: In a method for the lambda control in an internal combustion engine with at least one catalytic converter, with the exhaust system being provided with front and rear lambda control circuits lambda with at least one rear oxygen sensor downstream in reference to the catalytic converter, with an output signal of the rear oxygen sensor being processed by the rear lambda control circuit, a difference value being formed to a rear target lambda value, and an actuating variable being formed acting on the target lambda value of the front lambda control circuit it is provided that after a change of the algebraic sign of the difference value a balanced oxygen amount is determined for a time interval since the sign change from the oxygen amount entered into and removed from the catalytic converter and the actuating variable of the rear lambda control circuit being selected depending on the balanced oxygen amount.

Abstract: In a method and device for mixture control for an internal combustion engine having at least one catalytic converter disposed in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine and a ?-closed-loop control, a value being ascertained for the loading of the catalytic converter with oxygen and the mixture being changed as a function of the ascertained value, a first mixture change is made in the direction of rich exhaust gas when the ascertained value of the oxygen loading has increased by more than a first predefined measure within a predetermined time span and/or after throughput of a predetermined quantity of exhaust-gas mass; and/or a second mixture change is made in the direction of lean exhaust gas when the ascertained value of the oxygen loading has dropped by more than a second predefined measure within a predetermined time span and/or after throughput of a predetermined quantity of exhaust-gas mass.

Abstract: In a method for operating a lambda sensor disposed in an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine,—the heating element is subjected to a predefined heating power substantially with the start of the engine;—during the heating process, the sensor signal is detected and compared to a threshold value specified for a lean and/or rich fuel/air mixture ratio, wherein the threshold value correlates with a sensor temperature, which is below the water ingestion critical temperature, and to a valid lambda signal,—when one of the specified threshold values is reached for the first time, a measured variable correlating with the sensor temperature is determined and the lambda signal is set as valid and forwarded, and—the determined measured variable correlating with the sensor temperature is transferred to a closed heating element control loop as a target value that corresponds to a target temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a micro heat sink (1) having a mounting face (2) for a part that is to be cooled, particularly a semiconductor component whose interior contains a micro cooling structure (3) which is connected by means of connecting channels (4) to at least one intake opening (4a) and at least one drain opening (4b), via which a cooling medium can be supplied to and removed from the micro cooling structure (3), which is characterized in that it is formed from at least two different kinds of, pulverulent and/or liquid, in particular metal and/or ceramic, materials or material mixtures (10) while retaining a monolithic structure. The invention also relates to an apparatus and a method for producing a micro heat sink according to the invention.

Abstract: In a method for the lambda control in an internal combustion engine with at least one catalytic converter, with the exhaust system being provided with front and rear lambda control circuits lambda with at least one rear oxygen sensor downstream in reference to the catalytic converter, with an output signal of the rear oxygen sensor being processed by the rear lambda control circuit, a difference value being formed to a rear target lambda value, and an actuating variable being formed acting on the target lambda value of the front lambda control circuit it is provided that after a change of the algebraic sign of the difference value a balanced oxygen amount is determined for a time interval since the sign change from the oxygen amount entered into and removed from the catalytic converter and the actuating variable of the rear lambda control circuit being selected depending on the balanced oxygen amount.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and a system for controlling a drive torque of a hybrid drive unit (10) of an automobile after a start. The hybrid drive unit (10) includes a first drive source (12), in particular an internal combustion engine, includes at least one electric machine (14), which can be operated either in motor-mode or in generator-mode, wherein the electric machine (14) provides in motor operation an electromotive torque (M_EM), which in conjunction with a torque (M_VM) of the first drive source (12) represents a total drive torque of the drive unit (10), and supplies in generator-mode electric power.

Abstract: In a method and device for mixture control for an internal combustion engine having at least one catalytic converter disposed in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine and a ?-closed-loop control, a value being ascertained for the loading of the catalytic converter with oxygen and the mixture being changed as a function of the ascertained value, a first mixture change is made in the direction of rich exhaust gas when the ascertained value of the oxygen loading has increased by more than a first predefined measure within a predetermined time span and/or after throughput of a predetermined quantity of exhaust-gas mass; and/or a second mixture change is made in the direction of lean exhaust gas when the ascertained value of the oxygen loading has dropped by more than a second predefined measure within a predetermined time span and/or after throughput of a predetermined quantity of exhaust-gas mass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for determining the need for regeneration in a NOx storage catalyst (18) arranged in the exhaust train (12) of an at least periodically lean-operating internal combustion engine (10) for a motor vehicle. According to the invention, the need for regeneration is determined according to the engine power (P) of the internal combustion engine (10) and the remaining NOx storage capacity of the NOx storage catalyst.

Abstract: A method for the desulfurization of an NOx storage catalyst arranged in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, whereby, for the desulfurization, the internal combustion engine is alternatingly operated in a lean mode at ?>1 and a rich mode at ?<1. During the desulfurization process, the present invention provides for the progress of the desulfurization being monitored, using a change in a parameter relating to intervals (In), whereby the interval (In) lasts from the beginning of an nth rich operating phase (Tf,n), until the measured value drops below a predetermined lambda threshold value (Sf) downstream from the NOx storage catalyst (16). Furthermore, the progress of the desulfurization is monitored, using a change in a lambda probe voltage (Un) downstream from the NOx storage catalyst (16), which is determined at the end of a predetermined interval at the beginning of an nth rich operating phase (Tf,n).