Abstract: The present disclosure relates to priority flow control (PFC) storm detection and processing methods. In one example method, a first network node performs PFC detection on a first port queue of a first port, and determines that a first preset condition is met. The first preset condition includes: detection is performed in N consecutive first time segments, when the detection is performed in each first time segment, a quantity of first PFC frames sent by the first port queue to a second network node is greater than a first threshold, and a quantity of one or more data packets received by the first port queue from the second network node is less than a second threshold. The first PFC frame is used to indicate the second network node to suspend sending all data flows in the first port queue, and N is a positive integer.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a collective communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: A first network device receives a first packet; the first network device receives at least one second packet; and the first network device sends a third packet based on the first packet and the at least one second packet. When no connection is established between the first network device and a terminal device, the first network device may aggregate and distribute collective communication packets by using a connection between the first terminal device and another terminal device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a collective communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: A first network device receives a first packet; the first network device receives at least one second packet; and the first network device sends a third packet based on the first packet and the at least one second packet. When no connection is established between the first network device and a terminal device, the first network device may aggregate and distribute collective communication packets by using a connection between the first terminal device and another terminal device.

Abstract: This application provides a port configuration method and a communications device. The method includes: obtaining, by a first communications device, an identifier of a second port group of a second communications device, where the identifier of the second port group is used to indicate configuration information of a first port of the first communications device, and establishing, by the first communications device, a connection to a second port in the second port group by using the first port, where the first port is any port of the first communications device, the second port is any port in the second port group, and the configuration information includes an internet protocol IP address; determining, by the first communications device, the configuration information of the first port based on the identifier of the second port group; and configuring, by the first communications device, the configuration information for the first port.

Abstract: This application discloses a network congestion control method, apparatus, device, and system, and a storage medium. In an example method, a first switch receives a target signaling packet that is sent by a second switch in a case in which a network congestion status is a target network congestion status. The target signaling packet carries flow source information. The first switch sends, based on the target signaling packet, target flow control information to a network device corresponding to the flow source information. The target flow control information is used to indicate flow control.

Abstract: This application describes a congestion control method and apparatus. In this application, a network device obtains time information of one or more congestion packets in a sent first data stream, where the one or more congestion packet carries a flag indicating a congestion notification. When the first data stream is congested, the network device obtains a first congestion notification packet based on the time information of the one or more congestion packets in the first data stream, where the first congestion notification packet notifies that a packet is congested beyond a first specified interval. The network device then sends the first congestion notification packet. According to the solutions in this application, a rate of a data stream can be prevented from being increased when the data stream is congested, and packet transmission efficiency is improved.

Abstract: Described herein are techniques for processing content items for presentation via a content feed of an online service. Upon receiving a request associated with a particular end-user of an online service for a content feed, a connection graph is analyzed to identify a plurality of content items that are eligible for presentation to the end-user. Some subset of content items that share a common relationship with the end-user, as indicated by a common edge in the connection graph, are identified. This subset of content items is then grouped together for presentation within the content feed in a content carousel, where the content carousel is positioned within the content feed, relative to other content items, based on the highest ranking content item presented via the content carousel.

Abstract: This application provides a flow rate control method and apparatus. The flow rate control method in this application includes: receiving N explicit congestion notification packets CNPs from a first device, where the N CNPs correspond to a first data flow, and N is a natural number; and sending M CNPs to a second device based on the N CNPs, where the M CNPs correspond to the first data flow, and M is an integer greater than N. This application resolves a problem that rate increase processing is still performed on a data flow when the data flow is congested.

Abstract: In a network congestion handling method, a first network device determines a target port, where the target port is an egress port that is in a pre-congestion state or a congestion state. The first network device sends a first notification to at least one second network device. The at least one second network device is capable of sending, through at least two forwarding paths, a data flow to a host corresponding to the target port. The first notification includes information of a network device to which the target port belongs and information of the target port. The first notification can enable the at least one second network device to perform an operation of avoiding network congestion. The network congestion handling method can effectively alleviate network congestion and improve network bandwidth utilization.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a collective communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: A first network device receives a first packet; the first network device receives at least one second packet; and the first network device sends a third packet based on the first packet and the at least one second packet. When no connection is established between the first network device and a terminal device, the first network device may aggregate and distribute collective communication packets by using a connection between the first terminal device and another terminal device.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for determining a port orientation. The method includes: A first network device receives, through a first port, a protocol data unit PDU sent by a second network device. The first network device determines, based on the PDU, that the first port is an upstream port or a downstream port. In this embodiment of this application, the first network device may determine, based on the PDU sent by the second network device, whether the first port is the upstream port or the downstream port, to provide a basis for subsequently helping an SDN controller reduce load.

Abstract: In a method, a controller sends a first route update packet including a first route to a first forwarding device, so that the first forwarding device sends a third route update packet including a third route to at least one target forwarding device; a second forwarding device receives the third route update packet, determines a target link from the first forwarding device to the second forwarding device, and sends, based on a monitored state of the target link, a second route update packet including a second route and a target field to the controller; and the controller determines the state of the target link based on the target field in the second route update packet.

Abstract: This application provides a virtual channel setting method and the method includes: a' receiving device receives a first data packet of a first data flow from a sending device, where the first data packet includes an identifier of a first virtual channel corresponding to the first data flow; the receiving device selects a second virtual channel for the first data flow from a first virtual channel group corresponding to the first data flow, where the second virtual channel is different from the first virtual channel; and the receiving device sends an acknowledgement packet to the sending device, where the acknowledgement packet includes an identifier of the second virtual channel, and the second virtual channel is used by the sending device to update a virtual channel corresponding to the first data flow.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of communications technologies and disclose a packet loss detection method, an apparatus, and a system. The method includes: collecting, by a first network device according to packets sent to a second network device, statistics on a first result corresponding to each group of packets, one first result includes a quantity of packets in one group of packets and a section identifier of the group of packets, each group of packets includes multiple packets, and multiple packets are continuously sent by first network device and belong to a section corresponding to a section identifier of the group of packet; sending, by first network device, first result corresponding to each group of packets to a controller according to a preset rule, so that controller determines whether a packet in the packets sent by first network device to second network device is lost.

Abstract: A flow control method includes: when congestion is detected, determining, by a first switching device, a key flow from a plurality of data flows; generating a back pressure message including a flow attribute value of the key flow; sending the back pressure message to an upstream device of the key flow; and pausing, by the upstream device of the key flow, sending of the key flow, where the back pressure message has no impact on sending of another data flow other than the key flow by the upstream device of the key flow. The present disclosure further provides a switching device that can implement the flow control method.

Abstract: A method for implementing load balancing, an apparatus, and a network system, where a controller obtains a port attribute of each port of a first switch in a mesh network, determines, according to the port attribute of each port of the first switch, a virtual routing and forwarding instance corresponding to each port of the first switch, where all user-side ports of the first switch correspond to a first virtual routing and forwarding instance, generates a forwarding table of the first switch according to a topology of the mesh network and the virtual routing and forwarding instance corresponding to each port of the first switch, where a first forwarding entry of the forwarding table includes the first virtual routing and forwarding instance, a destination network segment and at least two forwarding paths corresponding to the destination network segment, and sends the forwarding table to the first switch.

Abstract: A forwarding path selection method and device are disclosed. If a data packet to be sent to a target device is a start packet of a flowlet in which the data packet is located, a sender device selects a low-load path from a plurality of paths to forward the data packet, and sets a forwarding decision of a flow in which the data packet is located to the selected path, where load of each path is load of traffic received by a corresponding intermediate device from the sender device or load of traffic sent by a corresponding intermediate device to the target device, whichever is higher. Flowlet-based load balancing can be implemented only by providing related functions on one type of device.

Abstract: This application provides a port configuration method and a communications device. The method includes: obtaining, by a first communications device, an identifier of a second port group of a second communications device, where the identifier of the second port group is used to indicate configuration information of a first port of the first communications device, and establishing, by the first communications device, a connection to a second port in the second port group by using the first port, where the first port is any port of the first communications device, the second port is any port in the second port group, and the configuration information includes an internet protocol IP address; determining, by the first communications device, the configuration information of the first port based on the identifier of the second port group; and configuring, by the first communications device, the configuration information for the first port.

Abstract: In a method, a controller sends a first route update packet including a first route to a first forwarding device, so that the first forwarding device sends a third route update packet including a third route to at least one target forwarding device; a second forwarding device receives the third route update packet, determines a target link from the first forwarding device to the second forwarding device, and sends, based on a monitored state of the target link, a second route update packet including a second route and a target field to the controller; and the controller determines the state of the target link based on the target field in the second route update packet.

Abstract: A packet forwarding method and a related apparatus to improve packet forwarding efficiency, where the method includes generating, by a controller, addressing information for a switching node, recording, by the controller, a correspondence between the switching node and the addressing information, and sending, by the controller, the addressing information to the switching node, so that the switching node forwards a packet according to the addressing information.