Abstract: A method of reversible selective manifestation of different states of a functional element is disclosed. The functional element is composed of at least two compounds and is capable of alternatively assuming (a) a first state in which the two compounds interact to form a regular aggregate structure, or (b) a second state in which the two compounds do not interact, and at least one of the two compounds is in an aggregate or crystallized state. The respective conditions for attaining one of the two states can be reversibly and extremely speedily controlled, for instance, by use of a heat application device.

Abstract: A method of reversible selective manifestation of different states of a functional element is disclosed. The functional element is composed of at least two compounds and is capable of alternatively assuming (a) a first state in which the two compounds interact to form a regular aggregate structure, or (b) a second state in which the two compounds do not interact, and at least one of the two compounds is in an aggregate or crystallized state. The respective conditions for attaining one of the two states can be reversibly and extremely speedily controlled, for instance, by use of a heat application device.

Abstract: This invention provides a transparent thermal recording medium, in which the transparent thermal recording medium comprises: a thermal recording layer, which is provided on a transparent layer, consisting essentially of an electron-donating chromophoric compound, an electron-accepting compound and binder resin; and a further-provided protective layer having an approximately equal refractive index to the refractive index of the thermal recording layer, wherein the binder resin is a compound having a group selected from a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group. The transparent thermal recording medium can be effectively used for a block copy film, on which an image is formed, for plate-making, particularly, in photogravure, offset printing and screen process printing, because the transparent thermal recording medium has a contrast of light transmission factors between a color-imaging portion and a non-imaging portion, in which the contrast is not less than 50% at a wavelength ranging from 370 nm to 450 nm.

Abstract: This invention provides a transparent thermal recording medium, in which the transparent thermal recording medium comprises: a thermal recording layer, which is provided on a transparent layer, consisting essentially of an electron-donating chromophoric compound, an electron-accepting compound and binder resin; and a further-provided protective layer having an approximately equal refractive index to the refractive index of the thermal recording layer, wherein the binder resin is a compound having a group selected from a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group. The transparent thermal recording medium can be effectively used for a block copy film, on which an image is formed, for plate-making, particularly, in photogravure, offset printing and screen process printing, because the transparent thermal recording medium has a contrast of light transmission factors between a color-imaging portion and a non-imaging portion, in which the contrast is not less than 50% at a wavelength ranging from 370 nm to 450 nm.

Abstract: A reversible thermosensitive coloring composition is composed of (i) an electron-donor coloring compound and (ii) an electron-acceptor compound selected from the group consisting of an organic phosphoric acid compound, an aliphatic carboxylic acid, and a phenolic compound, each having a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group or alkyenyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms, the electron-donor coloring compound and the electron-acceptor compound being capable of reacting to induce color formation in the reversible thermosensitive coloring composition at the eutectic temperature thereof. The electron-donor coloring compound and the electron-acceptor compound, when fused and colored in a mixed state, with application of heat thereto, followed by rapidly cooling the fused mixture, exhibit an exothermic peak in a temperature elevation process in a differential scanning calorific analysis or in a differential thermal analysis.

Abstract: A reversible thermosensitive coloring composition is composed of (i) an electron-donor coloring compound and (ii) an electron-acceptor compound selected from the group consisting of an organic phosphoric acid compound, an aliphatic carboxylic acid, and a phenolic compound, each having a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group or alkyenyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms, the electron-donor coloring compound and the electron-acceptor compound being capable of reacting to induce color formation in the reversible thermosensitive coloring composition at the eutectic temperature thereof. The electron-donor coloring compound and the electron-acceptor compound, when fused and colored in a mixed state, with application of heat thereto, followed by rapidly cooling the fused mixture, exhibit an exothermic peak in a temperature elevation process in a differential scanning calorific analysis or in a differential thermal analysis.

Abstract: A reversible thermosensitive coloring composition is composed of (i) an electron-donor coloring compound and (ii) an electron-acceptor compound selected from the group consisting of an organic phosphoric acid compound, an aliphatic carboxylic acid, and a phenolic compound, each having a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group or alkenyl group having 12 or more carbon atoms, the electron-donor coloring compound and the electron-acceptor compound being capable of reacting to induce color formation in the reversible thermosensitive coloring composition at the eutectic temperature thereof. The electron-donor coloring compound and the electron-acceptor compound, when fused and colored in a mixed state, with application of heat thereto, followed by rapidly cooling the fused mixture, exhibit an exothermic peak in a temperature elevation process in a differential scanning calorific anlaysis or in a differential thermal analysis.

Abstract: A masking layer is formed on the light-emitting mirror surface of a semiconductor laser body. The masking layer is capable of blocking or cutting off light emitted from the semiconductor laser body and of being made optically transparent by exposure to the light emitted from the semiconductor laser body dependent on the amount of energy of the emitted light. When the light is emitted from the semiconductor laser body on which the masking layer is deposited, a small light-emitting hole is defined in the masking layer, the light-emitting hole having a desired diameter commensurate with the amount of energy of the emitted light which is applied to the masking layer.

Abstract: An object to be measured for the amount of movement thereof has a uniformly periodic structure. The object is illuminated with divergent light emitted from a coherent spot light source. By positionally adjusting the spot light source, the object, and a light sensor, an enlarged shadow-picture-like diffraction pattern of the uniformly periodic structure is generated at a position in which the light sensor is disposed. The shadow-picture-like diffraction pattern is moved when the object is moved across the divergent light from the spot light source. The amount of movement of the shadow-picture-like diffraction pattern is detected by the light sensor for thereby measuring the amount of movement of the object.

Abstract: A fixing roll which comprises crosslinking a rubber compound containing a methyl vinyl system silicone raw rubber and silica so as to have a crosslinking density of 6.times.10.sup.-4 mole/cc and forming a coated layer.

Abstract: Electrophotographic light-sensitive member having a protective coating on a photoconductive layer of the light-sensitive member, said protective coating consisting of an organic high polymer containing Lewis acid.

Abstract: A layered electrophotographic photoconductor comprising an electrically conductive base; a charge transporting layer, formed on the electrically conductive base, which charge transporting layer comprises a selenium-tellurium alloy, doped with halogen; and a charge generating layer, formed on the charge transporting layer, which charge generating layer comprises a selenium-tellurium-arsenic alloy, doped with halogen.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising an electroconductive base and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, the photosensitive layer comprising a selenium-tellurium alloy with a concentration of tellurium in the range of 5 to 20 wt. % and halogen, with a concentration in the range of 5 to 500 ppm, selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, in the photosensitive layer, with the concentration of tellurium substantially uniform or increasing in the direction toward the surface of the photosensitive layer and the ratio of the concentration of tellurium near the electroconductive base to the concentration of tellurium near the surface of said photosensitive layer being 65 or more:100.

Abstract: Electrophotographic light-sensitive member having a protective coating on a photoconductive layer of the light-sensitive member, said protective coating consisting of an organic high polymer containing Lewis acid.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for use in electrophotography is disclosed which comprises a conductive support, a photoconductive layer superposed on said support and a protective layer superposed on said photoconductive layer, said surface protective layer containing an organic compound which has a structure according to the formula ##STR1## in a part of the molecule.