Abstract: A powder contains a niobium complex and lithium, an amount of niobium being 25 mass % or more and 75 mass % or less, a proportion of niobium in metal elements of the powder is 0.775 or more and 0.950 or less in terms of mass ratio. When the powder is dissolved in 8 times its mass of water at 25° C., a niobium content contained in a filtrate thereof is 80 mass % or more of an amount of niobium contained in the powder before dissolution. The powder is obtained by mixing a niobium compound, a lithium compound, an alkali, hydrogen peroxide, and water to obtain an aqueous solution containing a niobium complex and lithium and then drying the solution at a temperature equal to or lower than a decomposition temperature of the niobium complex. The powder is suitable for preparing a lithium niobate precursor solution for coating positive electrode active material particles.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an exposure device configured to perform multiple exposure with a second light-emitting element array of a place exposed with a first light-emitting element array; and a controller configured to transmit a signal for controlling the exposure device. The exposure device sets a first pulse signal for light emission of the first light-emitting element array based on a first delay time and a first pulse width, sets a second pulse signal for light emission of the second light-emitting element array based on a second delay time, different from the first delay time, and a second pulse width, identical to the first pulse width, and starts and terminates light emission of each of the first light-emitting element array and the second light-emitting element array according to the set first pulse signal and second pulse signal.

Abstract: A light emitting device 401 includes a silicon substrate and a light emitting region including a lower electrode, a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode, and an exposure head is provided with a printed board on which light emitting devices 401 are arranged in a staggered form and a circuit portion 602 for controlling, on the basis of image data, a voltage of each of electrodes included in the lower electrode so that the light emitting device layer emits light and is for forming an image with a resolution corresponding to an arrangement interval of the lower electrode with respect to a crossing direction, and the circuit portion 602 is disposed together with the light emitting region on the silicon substrate. Costs on wire bonding and an area of a wiring board can be suppressed.

Abstract: A light emitting device 401 includes a silicon substrate and a light emitting region including a lower electrode, a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode, and an exposure head is provided with a printed board on which light emitting devices 401 are arranged in a staggered form and a circuit portion 602 for controlling, on the basis of image data, a voltage of each of electrodes included in the lower electrode so that the light emitting device layer emits light and is for forming an image with a resolution corresponding to an arrangement interval of the lower electrode with respect to a crossing direction, and the circuit portion 602 is disposed together with the light emitting region on the silicon substrate. Costs on wire bonding and an area of a wiring board can be suppressed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum which is rotatable; light-emitting portions arranged along a direction of a rotational axis of the photosensitive drum, the light-emitting portions emitting light based on image data in order to expose the photosensitive drum; a reference clock signal generation portion which generates a reference clock signal with a predetermined period; a modulated clock signal generation portion which generates a modulated clock signal with a predetermined modulation period by spreading a spectrum of the reference clock signal and by modulating the predetermined period, wherein the light-emitting portions emit light for a lighting time set based on the modulated clock signal; and a control signal generation portion which generates with a period of n times the predetermined modulation period (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) a control signal for controlling a timing at which the light-emitting portions emit light.

Abstract: Provided are: an exposure device being configured to perform multiple exposure with the second light-emitting element array to a place exposed with the first light-emitting element array; and a controller configured to transmit a signal for controlling the exposure device, in which the exposure device sets a first pulse signal for light emission of the first light-emitting element array, based on a first delay time and a first pulse width, sets a second pulse signal for light emission of the second light-emitting element array, based on a second delay time, different from the first delay time, and a second pulse width, identical to the first pulse width, and starts and terminates light emission of each of the first light-emitting element array and the second light-emitting element array, according to the set first pulse signal and second pulse signal.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: an active matrix substrate including a first substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode that are stacked via a first insulating layer or that face each other on the first substrate, the second electrode being disposed for each sub-pixel; and a counter substrate sequentially including a second substrate, a third electrode including linear electrode portions, a second insulating layer, and a fourth electrode including linear electrode portions, an extending direction of the linear electrode portions of the third electrode intersecting an extending direction of the linear electrode portions of the fourth electrode in a plan view; and a control circuit being configured to switch between application of an alternating voltage and application of a constant voltage to the third electrode and/or the fourth electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal panel; and a control circuit. The liquid crystal panel sequentially includes an active matrix substrate, a first alignment film, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules having a negative anisotropy of dielectric constant, a second alignment film aligning the liquid crystal molecules at an angle of 10° or greater and 30° or smaller, and a counter substrate. The active matrix substrate includes a first substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode that are stacked via a first insulating layer or that face each other on the first substrate. The counter substrate sequentially includes a second substrate, a third electrode, a second insulating layer, and a fourth electrode. The control circuit is configured to switch between application of alternating voltage and application of constant voltage to the third and/or fourth electrode according to a display mode.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal panel including display units for displaying an image using a veil-view function; and a control circuit. The display units each include a pair of sub-pixels including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The liquid crystal panel sequentially includes an active matrix substrate, a first alignment film, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules, a second alignment film, and a counter substrate. The active matrix substrate includes first and second electrodes that are stacked via a first insulating layer or that face each other on the first substrate. At least one of the first or second electrode is disposed for each first sub-pixel and for each second sub-pixel. The counter substrate includes a third electrode. The control circuit is configured to switch between application of alternating voltage and application of constant voltage to the third electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel including an active matrix substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a color filter substrate in a stated order, the active matrix substrate including a first substrate, and a first electrode and second electrodes stacked with an insulating layer in between, the second electrodes arranged in the respective sub-pixels, the color filter substrate including a second substrate, a color filter, and a third electrode, either the first electrode or the second electrodes arranged with electrical connection over the sub-pixels, each of the sub-pixels provided with an optical opening, the third electrode not superimposed with at least a portion of each of the optical openings in a plan view and arranged with electrical connection, a control circuit configured to switch between application of alternating voltage and application of constant voltage to the third electrode.

Abstract: An exposure head for forming an image of a first resolution corresponding to an arrangement interval of a plurality of lower electrodes in a crossing direction or an image of a second resolution lower than the first resolution. A circuit portion includes an image data storage portion that is arranged on the substrate together with a plurality of lower electrodes and converts input image data into image data according to the resolution. By this, the same exposure head can be used for both high resolution images and low resolution images without degrading the image quality.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: an active matrix substrate including a first substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode that are stacked via a first insulating layer or that face each other on the first substrate, the second electrode being disposed for each sub-pixel; and a counter substrate sequentially including a second substrate, a third electrode including linear electrode portions, a second insulating layer, and a fourth electrode including linear electrode portions, an extending direction of the linear electrode portions of the third electrode intersecting an extending direction of the linear electrode portions of the fourth electrode in a plan view; and a control circuit being configured to switch between application of an alternating voltage and application of a constant voltage to the third electrode and/or the fourth electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal panel; and a control circuit. The liquid crystal panel sequentially includes an active matrix substrate, a first alignment film, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules having a negative anisotropy of dielectric constant, a second alignment film aligning the liquid crystal molecules at an angle of 10° or greater and 30° or smaller, and a counter substrate. The active matrix substrate includes a first substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode that are stacked via a first insulating layer or that face each other on the first substrate. The counter substrate sequentially includes a second substrate, a third electrode, a second insulating layer, and a fourth electrode. The control circuit is configured to switch between application of alternating voltage and application of constant voltage to the third and/or fourth electrode according to a display mode.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal panel including display units for displaying an image using a veil-view function; and a control circuit. The display units each include a pair of sub-pixels including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The liquid crystal panel sequentially includes an active matrix substrate, a first alignment film, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules, a second alignment film, and a counter substrate. The active matrix substrate includes first and second electrodes that are stacked via a first insulating layer or that face each other on the first substrate. At least one of the first or second electrode is disposed for each first sub-pixel and for each second sub-pixel. The counter substrate includes a third electrode. The control circuit is configured to switch between application of alternating voltage and application of constant voltage to the third electrode.

Abstract: A light emitting device 401 includes a silicon substrate and a light emitting region including a lower electrode, a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode, and an exposure head is provided with a printed board on which light emitting devices 401 are arranged in a staggered form and a circuit portion 602 for controlling, on the basis of image data, a voltage of each of electrodes included in the lower electrode so that the light emitting device layer emits light and is for forming an image with a resolution corresponding to an arrangement interval of the lower electrode with respect to a crossing direction, and the circuit portion 602 is disposed together with the light emitting region on the silicon substrate. Costs on wire bonding and an area of a wiring board can be suppressed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus including a photosensitive drum which is rotatable; light-emitting portions arranged along a direction of a rotational axis of the photosensitive drum, the light-emitting portions emitting light based on image data in order to expose the photosensitive drum; a reference clock signal generation portion which generates a reference clock signal with a predetermined period; a modulated clock signal generation portion which generates a modulated clock signal with a predetermined modulation period by spreading a spectrum of the reference clock signal and by modulating the predetermined period, wherein the light-emitting portions emit light for a lighting time set based on the modulated clock signal; and a control signal generation portion which generates with a period of n times the predetermined modulation period (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) a control signal for controlling a timing at which the light-emitting portions emit light.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an exposure portion including a plurality of surface emitting elements configured to expose a photosensitive member, a drive unit configured to turn ON the surface emitting elements based on image information, and a light amount control unit configured to adjust a drive current value to control an amount of light to be emitted from the surface emitting elements; and a controller configured to output the image information to the exposure portion. The controller includes a light amount adjustment unit configured to correct the image information based on an adjustment value to adjust the amount of light to be emitted from the surface emitting elements and a medium tone processing unit configured to quantize the image information corrected by the light amount adjustment unit by error diffusion to reduce a number of tones in the image information.

Abstract: A display device, to provide compensation for change in color level due to different viewing directions of a display surface and compensation for other optical characteristics of the display surface in a compatible manner, includes a light-emitting element layer including a light-emitting layer including a light-emitting element, a first electrode disposed below the light-emitting layer, and a second electrode disposed above the light-emitting layer, wherein an optical compensation layer is disposed above the light-emitting element layer, the optical compensation layer being configured to compensate for prevention of external light reflection on a display surface and compensate for change in color level of the display surface due to different viewing directions of the display surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel including an active matrix substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a color filter substrate in a stated order, the active matrix substrate including a first substrate, and a first electrode and second electrodes stacked with an insulating layer in between, the second electrodes arranged in the respective sub-pixels, the color filter substrate including a second substrate, a color filter, and a third electrode, either the first electrode or the second electrodes arranged with electrical connection over the sub-pixels, each of the sub-pixels provided with an optical opening, the third electrode not superimposed with at least a portion of each of the optical openings in a plan view and arranged with electrical connection, a control circuit configured to switch between application of alternating voltage and application of constant voltage to the third electrode.

Abstract: A technique is provided that reduces dullness of a potential provided to a line such as gate line on an active-matrix substrate to enable driving the line at high speed and, at the same time, reduces the size of the picture frame region. On an active-matrix substrate (20a) are provided gate lines (13G) and source lines. On the active-matrix substrate (20a) are further provided: gate drivers (11) each including a plurality of switching elements, at least one of which is located in a pixel region, for supplying a scan signal to a gate line (13G); and lines (15L1) each for supplying a control signal to the associated gate driver (11). A control signal is supplied by a display control circuit (4) located outside the display region to the gate drivers (11) via the lines (15L1). In response to a control signal supplied, each gate driver (11) drives the gate line (13G) to which it is connected.