Abstract: An upper oil pan assembly is attached to the lower portion of a cylinder block. An opening is formed on a side wall of the upper oil pan assembly. The variable compression ratio mechanism changes a top dead center position of a piston in accordance with the rotational position of a control shaft to thereby change the compression ratio. The control shaft is rotationally driven by an actuator. At least a portion of the actuator is fixed to a main bearing cap in a state in which at least a portion thereof is positioned on the outer side of an upper oil pan assembly.

Abstract: An upper oil pan assembly is attached to the lower portion of a cylinder block. An opening is formed on a side wall of the upper oil pan assembly. The variable compression ratio mechanism changes a top dead center position of a piston in accordance with the rotational position of a control shaft to thereby change the compression ratio. The control shaft is rotationally driven by an actuator. At least a portion of the actuator is fixed to a main bearing cap in a state in which at least a portion thereof is positioned on the outer side of an upper oil pan assembly.

Abstract: In inline four cylinder internal combustion engine (1), exhaust ports for a #2 cylinder and a #3 cylinder merge inside cylinder head (3) and form an opening serving as a single collective exhaust port. Exhaust manifold (5) has individual exhaust pipes (6, 7) for #1 and #4 cylinders and collective exhaust pipe (8), and the leading ends of these three exhaust pipes (6, 7, 8) are connected to catalytic converter (11). Exhaust gas introduction angle (?2) of each of individual exhaust pipes (6, 7) is larger by 30-60 degrees than exhaust gas introduction angle (?1) of collective exhaust pipe (8). Consequently, flow velocity distribution and temperature distribution in a catalyst carrier become uniform.

Abstract: In an in-line four-cylinder internal combustion engine, exhaust ports (2b, 2c) of cylinders #2 and #3 merge together inside a cylinder head and become open as one flat collective exhaust port (2bc). An exhaust manifold (5) includes separate individual exhaust pipes (6, 7) for cylinders #1 and #4 and a collective exhaust pipe (8) for cylinders #2 and #4. Tip ends of these three exhaust pipes are connected to a catalytic converter (11). An equivalent diameter of the collective exhaust port (2bc) is larger than equivalent diameters of the exhaust ports (2a, 2d) before merging. A short diameter of the collective exhaust port (2bc) is smaller than or equal to the equivalent diameters of the exhaust ports (2b, 2c).

Abstract: In an in-line four-cylinder internal combustion engine, exhaust ports (2b, 2c) of cylinders #2 and #3 merge together inside a cylinder head and become open as one flat collective exhaust port (2bc). An exhaust manifold (5) includes separate individual exhaust pipes (6, 7) for cylinders #1 and #4 and a collective exhaust pipe (8) for cylinders #2 and #4. Tip ends of these three exhaust pipes are connected to a catalytic converter (11). An equivalent diameter of the collective exhaust port (2bc) is larger than equivalent diameters of the exhaust ports (2a, 2d) before merging. A short diameter of the collective exhaust port (2bc) is smaller than or equal to the equivalent diameters of the exhaust ports (2b, 2c).

Abstract: In inline four cylinder internal combustion engine (1), exhaust ports for a #2 cylinder and a #3 cylinder merge inside cylinder head (3) and form an opening serving as a single collective exhaust port. Exhaust manifold (5) has individual exhaust pipes (6, 7) for #1 and #4 cylinders and collective exhaust pipe (8), and the leading ends of these three exhaust pipes (6, 7, 8) are connected to catalytic converter (11). Exhaust gas introduction angle (?2) of each of individual exhaust pipes (6, 7) is larger by 30-60 degrees than exhaust gas introduction angle (?1) of collective exhaust pipe (8). Consequently, flow velocity distribution and temperature distribution in a catalyst carrier become uniform.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is ignition-combustion started with or without cranking by controlling the ignition-combustion based on combustion chamber pressure, or engine temperature, or piston position, or the time elapsed since the engine was stopped, or a combination of these considerations.

Abstract: In one aspect, an internal combustion engine includes a fuel injector for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber to produce an air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, a spark plug for igniting the air-fuel mixture to cause combustion in the combustion chamber and a controller controls the spark plug to cause combustion in the combustion chamber to apply a torque to start the engine from a stopped condition. The controller determines whether the operation of the engine will be stopped, and adjusts an operating condition of the engine if the controller determines the engine operation will be stopped.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed to reliably carry out engine starting without cranking. Using an internal combustion engine 1, when an idle stop condition is established, a third path switching valve 28 that is provided at the connection of the compressed air supply path 25 and a first blow-by path 21, and a blow-by control valve 24 are “closed”. The connection of the crankcase to the inlet path 14 is blocked, idling for a designated time is carried out, and finally the engine is stopped. On the other hand, when the idle stop release condition is established, an inlet valve 8 is “opened”, and the first to third path switching valves 26 to 28 are “closed”, thereby operating a compressor 17 for a designated period of time. Compressed air is thereby supplied to the combustion chamber 2 and the crankcase via the compressed air supply path 25, allowing an increase in the internal cylinder pressure. Finally, the engine is started.

Abstract: A starting system rotates and starts an internal combustion engine by injecting fuel into a predetermined cylinder using an injector and igniting the fuel using an ignition plug, and upon starting the engine, the fuel pressure supplied to the injector is detected, and the engine is started by combustion in the predetermined cylinder only when the detected pressure is at or greater than the predetermined pressure, thereby guaranteeing the fuel pressure when combustion starting is employed, and consequently the engine can be securely started.

Abstract: A headrest, armrest, or other attachment to an image diagnosis bed apparatus having leaf springs formed as integral parts of its connecting portion, and a bed apparatus tabletop with a connecting hole for the insertion of the attachment connecting portion at one end and fixing holes for the leaf springs at its top. Also, an armrest shaped so as to be capable of being placed over a headrest connected to the tabletop.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine and control method therefor in which the engine is selectively started by combustion without cranking. The temperature in the combustion chamber of an engine cylinder is stabilized upon starting of the engine, thereby allowing secured staring without cranking. When predetermined idling stop conditions (or engine stop conditions) are established, the temperature in the combustion chamber is estimated based on engine operating conditions read before such establishment, and the period of maintaining a engine rotational speed in a predetermined low range before stopping the engine is calculated or estimated based on the estimated temperature in the combustion chamber. The engine is then stopped after the calculated or estimated period of maintaining the engine rotational speed in the predetermined low range.

Abstract: An X-ray computer tomography apparatus includes a substantially annular rotating frame supported to be rotatable around a rotation axis, a plurality of X-ray tubes discretely provided along the circumference of the rotating frame, a plurality of X-ray detectors discretely provided along the circumference of the rotating frame, a plurality of variable-opening slits which are made to respectively correspond to the plurality of X-ray tubes, and a slit control unit which individually controls the widths and central positions of openings of the plurality of slits.

Abstract: An X-ray computer tomography apparatus includes a substantially annular rotating frame supported to be rotatable around a rotation axis, a plurality of X-ray tubes discretely provided along the circumference of the rotating frame, a plurality of X-ray detectors discretely provided along the circumference of the rotating frame, a plurality of variable-opening slits which are made to respectively correspond to the plurality of X-ray tubes, and a slit control unit which individually controls the widths and central positions of openings of the plurality of slits.

Abstract: A method and system for starting an internal combustion engine by utilizing combustion energy produced by injecting and igniting fuel in an engine cylinder under the expansion stroke, which can eliminate the necessity of precisely computing the combustion energy, can minimize an amount of energy, other than the combustion energy, supplied from a second energy supply unit, and can realize stable engine startup without causing a startup failure due to a combustion failure. At startup of the engine, energy is supplied to the engine from both a first energy supply unit performing direct injection and ignition of fuel, etc. and a second energy supply unit employing, e.g., a starter motor, thereby starting the engine. After the engine has started motion, the motion status of the engine is determined based on, e.g., the engine revolution speed, and the energy supply to the engine from the second energy supply unit is stopped based on a determination result.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed to reliably carry out engine starting without cranking. Using an internal combustion engine 1, when an idle stop condition is established, a third path switching valve 28 that is provided at the connection of the compressed air supply path 25 and a first blow-by path 21, and a blow-by control valve 24 are “closed”. The connection of the crankcase to the inlet path 14 is blocked, idling for a designated time is carried out, and finally the engine is stopped. On the other hand, when the idle stop release condition is established, an inlet valve 8 is “opened”, and the first to third path switching valves 26 to 28 are “closed”, thereby operating a compressor 17 for a designated period of time. Compressed air is thereby supplied to the combustion chamber 2 and the crankcase via the compressed air supply path 25, allowing an increase in the internal cylinder pressure. Finally, the engine is started.

Abstract: A starting system rotates and starts an internal combustion engine by injecting fuel into a predetermined cylinder using an injector and igniting the fuel using an ignition plug, and upon starting the engine, the fuel pressure supplied to the injector is detected, and the engine is started by combustion in the predetermined cylinder only when the detected pressure is at or greater than the predetermined pressure, thereby guaranteeing the fuel pressure when combustion starting is employed, and consequently the engine can be securely started.

Abstract: In one aspect, an internal combustion engine includes a fuel injector for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber to produce an air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, a spark plug for igniting the air-fuel mixture to cause combustion in the combustion chamber and a controller controls the spark plug to cause combustion in the combustion chamber to apply a torque to start the engine from a stopped condition. The controller determines whether the operation of the engine will be stopped, and adjusts an operating condition of the engine if the controller determines the engine operation will be stopped.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine and control method therefor in which the engine is selectively started by combustion without cranking. The temperature in the combustion chamber of an engine cylinder is stabilized upon starting of the engine, thereby allowing secured staring without cranking. When predetermined idling stop conditions (or engine stop conditions) are established, the temperature in the combustion chamber is estimated based on engine operating conditions read before such establishment, and the period of maintaining a engine rotational speed in a predetermined low range before stopping the engine is calculated or estimated based on the estimated temperature in the combustion chamber. The engine is then stopped after the calculated or estimated period of maintaining the engine rotational speed in the predetermined low range.

Abstract: A V-type multiple cylinder air intake is being configured to improve the volumetric efficiency by utilizing the resonance effect while also eliminating the adverse influence of the resonance effect (residual resonance) when the engine is operating in regions of medium to high rotational speeds. The V-type multiple-cylinder air intake device has two collectors with one arranged on each bank of the V-type multiple-cylinder engine; a plurality of branch pipes extending from the collectors to a respective intake port of an opposite bank; and a plurality of crossover passages extending from the collectors to a respective branch pipes extending from the collector of the opposite bank.