Abstract: A micro mixer including a first tubular member for guiding a first fluid to be directed in a first direction; a second tubular member having a discharge portion in the downstream portion of said first tubular member for guiding a second fluid to be directed in a direction opposite to said first direction, said discharge portion having a flow passage space narrower than the flow passage space of the downstream portion of the first tubular member; a first annular space defined by the downstream portion of the first tubular member and the discharge portion of the second tubular member for guiding a mixed fluid caused by colliding the first fluid flowing in the first tubular member with the second fluid flowing in the second tubular member in a counter-flow manner to be directed in the same direction as said first direction and further for increasing the pressure of said mixed fluid; a mixing-promoting space communicating with said first annular space for lowering the pressure of the mixed fluid discharged from s

Abstract: When a variable valve mechanism which varies an opening characteristic of an engine valve is malfunctioned, the power supply to a drive circuit for the variable valve mechanism is stopped, and also a control signal to the drive circuit is cleared.

Abstract: In a V-type engine provided with a variable valve timing mechanism and variable valve lift mechanism for an intake valve, a torque difference between respective banks is obtained. In a region in which an opening area of the intake valve is larger than a threshold, valve timing of the intake valve by the variable valve timing mechanism is corrected so as to reduce the torque difference, whereas in a region in which the opening area of the intake valve is smaller than the threshold, lift characteristics of the intake valve by the variable valve lift mechanism is corrected so as to reduce the torque difference.

Abstract: In an intake-air quantity control system of an engine employing a variable valve operating device capable of controlling a cylinder intake-air quantity by variable control of an operating characteristic of an intake valve, in a normal intake-valve operating mode a target operating characteristic of the intake valve is determined based on a target cylinder intake-air quantity calculated based on a target engine torque. In a predetermined high-load range, in particular, at full-load operation, the target operating characteristic is switched to a high-load period valve operating characteristic, preset to be suitable for the predetermined high-load range.

Abstract: A thickness-determining apparatus for determining a wall thickness of a microcapsule having a refractive index n1 comprises a sensor 1 for detecting a light scattering intensity data I1 with respect to the microcapsule dispersed in a medium having a refractive index n1, and a light scattering intensity data I2 with respect to the microcapsule dispersed in a medium having a refractive index n2; a memory circuit 3 for storing a theoretical equation correlating a light scattering intensity characteristic with a particle size; and an arithmetic circuit 5 for calculating an inner diameter r1 and an outer diameter r2 from the theoretical equation based on the light scattering intensity data I1 and I2, and calculating the wall thickness.

Abstract: In an intake-air quantity control system of an engine employing a variable valve operating device capable of controlling a cylinder intake-air quantity by variable control of an operating characteristic of an intake valve, in a normal intake-valve operating mode a target operating characteristic of the intake valve is determined based on a target cylinder intake-air quantity calculated based on a target engine torque. In a predetermined high-load range, in particular, at full-load operation, the target operating characteristic is switched to a high-load period valve operating characteristic, preset to be suitable for the predetermined high-load range.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine equipped with a variable valve actuation mechanism, which varies a lift amount of an intake valve, when the lift amount is forcedly controlled at the minimum to learn a detection result of the lift amount at that time, a throttle opening, an ignition timing, and a fuel injection amount are corrected such that an engine torque is not largely decreased in association with a decrease in lift amount.

Abstract: In a V-type engine provided with a variable valve timing mechanism and variable valve lift mechanism for an intake valve, a torque difference between respective banks is obtained. In a region in which an opening area of the intake valve is larger than a threshold, valve timing of the intake valve by the variable valve timing mechanism is corrected so as to reduce the torque difference, whereas in a region in which the opening area of the intake valve is smaller than the threshold, lift characteristics of the intake valve by the variable valve lift mechanism is corrected so as to reduce the torque difference.

Abstract: A process for producing a microcapsule comprises adding water to an liquid organic dispersion at a room temperature, wherein the liquid organic dispersion comprises a colorant particle, a hydrophobic organic solvent, and an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble resin having an acid value of 20 to 400 mgKOH/g and having been neutralized to a neutralization degree of 5 to 50 mol %, and emulsifying the resin through phase inversion to produce a capsule particle in an aqueous phase, wherein the capsule particle comprises a dispersion system containing the colorant particle and the organic solvent, and a wall comprising the resin and encapsulating the dispersion system. In the process, when the amount to be added of water at which a mixture of the resin solution and water becomes clouded by addition of water to the resin solution is given as Y parts by weight, the phase inversion emulsification step is conducted by adding 0.75Y to 1.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine equipped with a variable valve actuation mechanism which varies a lift amount of an intake valve, when the lift amount is forcedly controlled at the minimum to learn detection result of the lift amount at that time, a throttle opening, ignition timing, an a fuel injection amount are corrected such that an engine torque is not largely decreased in association with a decrease in lift amount.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for controlling an intake air amount of an engine by variably controlling a lift amount of an intake valve, when a variable valve lift mechanism is failed, the control is switched to a control of the intake air amount based on an opening degree of a throttle valve, and also the opening degree of the throttle valve is restricted within an upper limit value in order to ensure a negative pressure utilized by a brake booster.

Abstract: When a variable valve mechanism which varies an opening characteristic of an engine valve is malfunctioned, the power supply to a drive circuit for the variable valve mechanism is stopped, and also a control signal to the drive circuit is cleared.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for controlling an intake air amount of an engine by variably controlling a lift amount of an intake valve, when a variable valve lift mechanism is failed, the control is switched to a control of the intake air amount based on an opening degree of a throttle valve, and also the opening degree of the throttle valve is restricted within an upper limit value in order to ensure a negative pressure utilized by a brake booster.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an air-fuel ratio control apparatus of an internal combustion engine and a method thereof, for estimating with high accuracy an oxygen adsorption amount in an exhaust purification catalyst, and controlling the oxygen adsorption amount in the exhaust purification catalyst at an optimum amount, thereby enabling to maintain high exhaust purification efficiency.

Abstract: In a microcapsule having a wall of a refractive index n1, a thickness-determining apparatus comprises at least (i) a sensor 1 for detecting a light scattering intensity data I1 with respect to a microcapsule dispersed in a medium having a refractive index n1, and a light scattering intensity data I2 with respect to a microcapsule dispersed in a medium having a refractive index n2; (ii) a memory circuit 3 for storing a theoretical equation correlating a light scattering intensity characteristic with a particle size; and (iii) an arithmetic circuit 5 for calculating an inner diameter r1 and an outer diameter r2 from the theoretical equation based on the light scattering intensity data I1 and I2, and calculating a wall thickness. In such an apparatus, since the refractive index of the medium conforms to the refractive index of the wall, the inner diameter can be calculated by a simple theoretical equation, and the wall thickness can be conveniently or certainly determined without destroying the wall by cutting.

Abstract: The present invention is constituted so that an actual air-fuel ratio is detected by an air-fuel ratio sensor, a plant model representing a plant between a fuel injection valve and the air-fuel ratio sensor is sequentially identified to calculate parameters of the plant model, a control gain for calculating a feedback control amount is calculated using the calculated parameters, and the feedback control amount is calculated using the calculated control gain, wherein an absolute value of an input side parameter set on an input side of the plant model is limited to be a predetermined limit value or above, among the calculated parameters.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an air-fuel ratio control apparatus of an internal combustion engine and a method thereof, for estimating with high accuracy an oxygen adsorption amount in an exhaust purification catalyst, and controlling the oxygen adsorption amount in the exhaust purification catalyst at an optimum amount, thereby enabling to maintain high exhaust purification efficiency.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio detected by an air-fuel ratio sensor is estimated based on an estimation value of air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture formed inside a cylinder, and based on an air-fuel ratio estimated as being detected by this air-fuel ratio sensor and the air-fuel ratio detected based on an output signal of the air-fuel ratio sensor, the estimation value of the cylinder air-fuel ratio is corrected and a fuel injection quantity is corrected based on the corrected cylinder air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: The present invention is constituted so that an actual air-fuel ratio is detected by an air-fuel ratio sensor, a plant model representing a plant between a fuel injection valve and the air-fuel ratio sensor is sequentially identified to calculate parameters of the plant model, a control gain for calculating a feedback control amount is calculated using the calculated parameters, and the feedback control amount is calculated using the calculated control gain, wherein an absolute value of an input side parameter set on an input side of the plant model is limited to be a predetermined limit value or above, among the calculated parameters.

Abstract: The present invention is constituted so that an actual air-fuel ratio is detected by an exhaust state by an air-fuel ratio sensor, parameters of transfer functions are calculated while sequentially identifying a plant model representing a plant between a fuel injection valve and the air-fuel ratio sensor by the transfer functions, a feedback control amount of said air-fuel ratio control signal is set using the parameters of the identified pant model, an offset correction amount of the air-fuel ratio control signal is set, and the plant model is identified using a valve obtained by adding the offset correction amount to the feedback control amount, and the actual air-fuel ratio.