Abstract: A method, executed by one or more processors, includes receiving a first bit sequence corresponding to source data having a source encoding bit-length (BLS), generating one or more additional bit sequences by shifting the first bit sequence by shift lengths that are equal to a multiple of the source encoding bit-length, partitioning the first bit sequence and the one or more additional bit sequences according to a target encoding bit-length (BLT) to provide a plurality of target encoding search patterns, and searching a target character string encoded with the target encoding using the plurality of target encoding search patterns. A computer system and computer program product corresponding to the above method are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method, executed by one or more processors, includes receiving a first bit sequence corresponding to source data having a source encoding bit-length (BLS), generating one or more additional bit sequences by shifting the first bit sequence by shift lengths that are equal to a multiple of the source encoding bit-length, partitioning the first bit sequence and the one or more additional bit sequences according to a target encoding bit-length (BLT) to provide a plurality of target encoding search patterns, and searching a target character string encoded with the target encoding using the plurality of target encoding search patterns. A computer system and computer program product corresponding to the above method are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: An image coding, recording and reading apparatus generates a local decoded image which is used for motion compensation prediction at the same time when coding an original image to be coded so as to generate an original image coded stream, acquires a difference image which is a difference between the local decoded image and the original image to be coded, codes the difference image so as to generate a difference image coded stream, records the original image coded stream and the difference image stream generated thereby into a storage memory, and adds an original image and a difference image which are obtained by decoding both the above-mentioned coded streams read out of the storage memory, respectively, so as to generate an addition image.

Abstract: A picture analyzer detects coding difficulty information by analyzing the source picture data. A picture converter converts the format of the source picture data using spatial conversion or temporal conversion, or both. A coding unit then codes the converted picture data output from the picture converter. A preprocess controller controls the picture converter based on the coding difficulty information, selecting either spatial conversion or temporal conversion, or both. The resulting encoded picture features visually outstanding image quality in which block distortion is not conspicuous, and the coding unit avoids using a coarser than necessary quantization step even when the bit rate is low.

Abstract: A picture analyzer detects coding difficulty information by analyzing the source picture data. A picture converter converts the format of the source picture data using spatial conversion or temporal conversion, or both. A coding unit then codes the converted picture data output from the picture converter. A preprocess controller controls the picture converter based on the coding difficulty information, selecting either spatial conversion or temporal conversion, or both. The resulting encoded picture features visually outstanding image quality in which block distortion is not conspicuous, and the coding unit avoids using a coarser than necessary quantization step even when the bit rate is low.