Abstract: There is used at least one probe array obtained by arraying particles having various probes, respectively, fixed thereon (probe particles) in a definite order in a holder. A plurality of capillaries or grooves packed with various kinds, respectively, of probe particles are arrayed in parallel, and one of particles contained in each capillary or groove is injected into another capillary or groove to produce a probe array in which the various kinds of probe particles are arrayed in a constant and definite order. Various fluorophore-labeled DNA's are measured at the same time by attaching various probes to particles, respectively, of different sizes. A probe array composed of various fixed DNA probes can easily be produced, and there can be provided a probe array for detecting various DNA's which is composed of various fixed arbitrary DNA probes.

Abstract: A sample preparation apparatus for DNA analysis comprises a holder for separating specific primers on the basis of size, color, weight, dimension, or degree of magnetization, the specific primers having base sequences complementary to a plurality of DNA fragments to be amplified via PCR, and the specific primers being capable of binding respectively to the DNA fragments; and a reaction-solution-holding plate having a concavity which accommodates one edge of the holder and a PCR solution containing a common primer capable of hybridizing with the base sequence of an oligonucleotide introduced into the 5?-end of each of the DNA fragments, and the DNA fragments. The PCR amplification of the DNA fragments is carried out by using the specific primers (immobilized on the surfaces of a plurality of mutually separable supports with respect to each DNA fragments) and the common primer (a mobile primer common to all DNA fragments) to produce PCR amplification products inside the corresponding portions of the holder.

Abstract: The inventive method for assaying DNA fragments in mixture comprises step 1 of ligating different oligomers hybridizable to primers of the same melting temperature and the same length to individual groups of DNA fragments in a set of DNA fragments; step 2 of mixing together the groups of DNA fragments ligated with the oligomers; step 3 of simultaneous PCR of the groups of DNA fragments ligated with the oligomers in one receptacle by using the primers being complementary to the oligomers and corresponding to the individual groups; and step 4 of detecting PCR amplified DNA fragments; characterized in that the method enables the comparison of plural samples under no influence of PCR reproducibility.

Abstract: The use of probe arrays in which probes of various biological substances such as DNA are immobilized on the surface of a solid is becoming established as an effective means for high-speed screening. Different kinds of probes, such as DNA, are immobilized on the surface of a multiple number of independently treatable fine particles, such as beads, instead of the surface of a single solid, and the resulting beads are aligned in a capillary or a cell in a designated order. The size of the area where one probe is immobilized is reduced. The bead probe array is characterized in that such small beads are aligned one by one in a designated manner using a sheet with holes, and one or a multiple number of beads are held in the holes and then transferred to a probe array holder such as a capillary.

Abstract: The present invention provides a DNA base sequencing system having a compact, simple and convenient structure. In one embodiment of the present invention, a reaction chamber module for pyrosequencing in which a multiple number of reaction vessels (reaction chambers) 10 and reagent-introducing narrow tubes 6 are integrated is formed in a device board 5. Reagents held in reagent reservoirs 1, 2, 3 and 4 mounted separately from this reaction chamber module are introduced into the reaction vessels 10 via reagent-introducing narrow tubes (capillaries) 6. The reagent-introducing narrow tubes (capillaries) 6 at the area of 2 cm from the reaction vessels 10 are structured with narrow capillaries having an inner diameter of about 0.1 mm and the conductance of these capillaries for the reagent solution determines the injection speed of the solution. Using the present invention, many kinds of DNAs can be analyzed simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a high-quality capillary tube used in an electrophoresis apparatus in a safe and inexpensive manner. A polymer coating on a capillary tube is converted into gas and removed through an oxidative reaction with oxygen radical resulting from ozone decomposition.

Abstract: There is used at least one probe array obtained by arraying particles having various probes, respectively, fixed thereon (probe particles) in a definite order in a holder. A plurality of capillaries or grooves packed with various kinds, respectively, of probe particles are arrayed in parallel, and one of particles contained in each capillary or groove is injected into another capillary or groove to produce a probe array in which the various kinds of probe particles are arrayed in a constant and definite order. Various fluorophore-labeled DNA's are measured at the same time by attaching various probes to particles, respectively, of different sizes. A probe array composed of various fixed DNA probes can easily be produced, and there can be provided a probe array for detecting various DNA's which is composed of various fixed arbitrary DNA probes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a high-quality capillary tube used in an electrophoresis apparatus in a safe and inexpensive manner. A polymer coating on a capillary tube is converted into gas and removed through an oxidative reaction with oxygen radicals resulting from ozone decomposition.

Abstract: A method for examining nucleotide sequences of a sample includes adding a group of primers of multiple species to a solution containing the sample and simultaneously synthesizing complementary strands at each of the multiple regions containing the nucleotide sequences; designing the DNA probes with specific sequences elongate the complementary strands by the presence or absence of mutations in the nucleotide sequences, wherein the same number of such DNA probes and the nucleotide sequences are used for complementary strand synthesis; using the nucleotide sequences or their complementary sequences as a template to convert pyrophosphate produced during the elongation reaction to ATP which then reacts with chemiluminescent substrates to develop luminescence to be detected. According to the method, sensitivity is greatly increased by amplification of the amount of pyrophosphate produced in synthesis of the complementary strands without amplifying the copies of nucleotide sequences.

Abstract: There is used at least one probe array obtained by arraying particles having various probes, respectively, fixed thereon (probe particles) in a definite order in a holder. A plurality of capillaries or grooves packed with various kinds, respectively, of probe particles are arrayed in parallel, and one of particles contained in each capillary or groove is injected into another capillary or groove to produce a probe array in which the various kinds of probe particles are arrayed in a constant and definite order. Various fluorophore-labeled DNA's are measured at the same time by attaching various probes to particles, respectively, of different sizes. A probe array composed of various fixed DNA probes can easily be produced, and there can be provided a probe array for detecting various DNA's which is composed of various fixed arbitrary DNA probes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a high-quality capillary tube used in an electrophoresis apparatus in a safe and inexpensive manner.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for detecting biological and chemical material. To measure biological materials such as genes easily at low costs, the device for implementing a small-sized, high sensitive, economical measurement apparatus is provided. Probes appropriate for target biological materials are fixed on a chip, on which a sensor, identification number, and radio communication function are implemented, the captured targets are detected by the sensors, and the result of sensing are transferred to an external control unit by the radio communication function. The small-sized, high sensitivity measurement apparatus for detecting biological and chemical materials such as genes and measuring physical and chemical amounts such as temperature, pressure, pH, and the like can be implemented.

Abstract: To provide a method and an apparatus for detecting DNA mutation without using electrophoresis, the presence or absence of specific sequence is detected by a method comprising a step of serially hybridizing a 5-base-long to 8-base-long short oligomer 6, which is capable of being engaged in the complementary strand extension reaction, and a long oligomer 61, which is capable of hybridizing with a target DNA but incapable of being engaged in the complementary strand extension reaction, with the target DNA 63; a step of carrying out the complementary strand extension reaction 66 starting from the short primer using four kinds of nucleic acid substrates and polymerase; and a step of detecting photo-emission, in which pyrophosphate 68 produced as a reaction by-product of the complementary strand extension reaction is converted into ATP and the photo-emission reaction is carried out using an enzyme.

Abstract: A small sized, cost-effective genetic testing apparatus that provides high sensitivity testing, for performing genetic testing simply and at low cost. An optical sensor array for the apparatus and method for luminometric assay comprises a means that simultaneously selects 2 pixels and detects minute amounts of chemiluminescence by obtaining the differential output of the respective signals.

Abstract: A method for the diagnosis and identification of new or residual lung cancer is disclosed which uses newly identified markers for lung cancer including syndecan 1, collagen 1 alpha 2, and two novel proteins, 7013 and 7018. The method involves identification of the lung cancer markers is blood from a patient. It is envisioned that at least one marker may be used or any mixture of the four. The method may also include the identification of cytokeratin-19.

Abstract: A method for determining a DNA sequence includes providing a sample which contains first DNA fragments having adenines at an end and labeled by first fluorophores, second DNA fragments having thymines at an end and labeled by second fluorophores, third DNA fragments having cytosines at an end and labeled by third fluorophores, and fourth DNA fragments having guanines at an end and labeled by fourth fluorophores, wherein each of the first to fourth fluorophores is different. The sample is supplied into a capillary and the sample is made to migrate in the capillary. A sheath flow is formed around an end of the capillary where the sample migrates, a light is irradiated into the sheath flow to excite the fluorophores. Fluorescence emitted from the fluorophores is detected and the fluorophores are identified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quick and simple method for genetic testing, particularly for SNP testing, using two kinds of primers which are complementary to a mutant target and a wild-type target, respectively, and different in length or migration speed in electrophoresis. These probes are allowed to hybridize with targets, fluorophore-tagged nucleotides are attached to the primers, and electrophoresis is carried out for discriminatory detection.

Abstract: To provide a method and an apparatus for detecting DNA mutation without using electrophoresis, the presence or absence of specific sequence is detected by a method comprising a step of serially hybridizing a 5-base-long to 8-base-long short oligomer 6, which is capable of being engaged in the complementary strand extension reaction, and a long oligomer 61, which is capable of hybridizing with a target DNA but incapable of being engaged in the complementary strand extension reaction, with the target DNA 63; a step of carrying out the complementary strand extension reaction 66 starting from the short primer using four kinds of nucleic acid substrates and polymerase; and a step of detecting photo-emission, in which pyrophosphate 68 produced as a reaction by-product of the complementary strand extension reaction is converted into ATP and the photo-emission reaction is carried out using an enzyme.

Abstract: For provision of a method of analysis of DNA sequence, reagent kit used therefore and DNA sequence analyzer for detecting single nucleotide polymorphysms (SNPs) of DNA, reagents for complementary strand extension reaction and chemiluminescence-reaction are pretreated with pyrophosphatase and apyrase. An impurity PPi which disturbs the chemiluminescence-reaction is degraded by pyrophosphatase, while an impurity ATP is degraded by apyrase. The reagents thus pretreated are used for the complementary strand extension reaction and chemiluminescence-reaction.

Abstract: An effective method for examining nucleotide sequences of a sample having multiple test sites based on a method using chemiluminescence, which comprises a step in which a group of primer 1 consisting of multiple primer species is added to a solution containing a sample 2 subjected to examination, and simultaneous synthesis of complementary strands is performed at each of the multiple regions containing target nucleotide sequences to be examined; a step in which the DNA probes with specific sequences are designed so that elongation of complementary strands is affected by the presence or absence of mutations in the target nucleotide sequences wherein the same number of such DNA probes and the target sequences is used for complementary strand synthesis, 5-1 and 5-2; a step in which the elongation reaction of complementary strands using the targets or the sequence complementary to the targets as a template and the following reaction where pyrophosphate produced during the elongation reaction is converted to ATP a