Abstract: A control apparatus configured to control a forming apparatus which forms concavo-convex structure by ejecting ink obtains concavo-convex data indicating the concavo-convex to be formed and divide the concavo-convex data into a plurality of pieces of data. The control apparatus controls a formation order, performed by the forming apparatus, of the concavo-convex portions each corresponding to the plurality of pieces of data divided by the dividing unit based on a feature amount of the concavo-convex indicated by the concavo-convex data.

Abstract: The image processing apparatus in the present invention is an image processing apparatus that supplies roughness shape data to an image forming apparatus that forms a roughness shape based on a roughness shape of an object to be reproduced. The image processing apparatus includes: an input reception unit configured to receive an input of information representing the roughness shape of the object to be reproduced; an acquisition unit configured to acquire output characteristics relating to a roughness shape that the image forming apparatus can output; and a generation unit configured to generate roughness shape data that is supplied to the image forming apparatus based on the information representing the roughness shape of the object to be reproduced and the output characteristics.

Abstract: A diagram creating device has a database and a processing device. The processing device includes a unit which displays names of track sections, names of stations in the track sections, and station line which displays the distances from each station, in parallel to the time axis in the diagram, a unit which displays junction buttons associated with other track sections, near the station line associated with the junction stations belonging to the other track sections in the diagram, and a unit which, when the junction button is pushed, reads the station order data and the junction data based on the track section code of the junction destination, switches part of the station line related to the track section displayed in the diagram for a junction station as a junction point, to the station line subsequent to the junction station belonging to the another track section, and displays the station line.

Abstract: A fuel cell is formed by laminating a plurality of power generating units. The power generating unit includes: a membrane electrode gas diffusion layer assembly; a sealing portion disposed along its outer circumference; a porous body flow path in which oxidant gas supplied to a cathode-side catalytic layer flows; a shielding plate provided between the sealing portion and the porous body flow path; and first, second separator plates configured to sandwich the membrane electrode gas diffusion layer assembly and the porous body flow path therebetween. The shielding plate, the porous body flow path, and the first separator plate making contact with the porous body flow path project into the oxidant exhaust gas discharge manifold determined by the sealing portion.

Abstract: A control apparatus configured to control a forming apparatus which forms concavo-convex structure by ejecting ink obtains concavo-convex data indicating the concavo-convex to be formed and divide the concavo-convex data into a plurality of pieces of data. The control apparatus controls a formation order, performed by the forming apparatus, of the concavo-convex portions each corresponding to the plurality of pieces of data divided by the dividing unit based on a feature amount of the concavo-convex indicated by the concavo-convex data.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus obtains first information including reflective characteristics of an object to be reproduced and second information including transmissive characteristics of the object to be reproduced. Then, the image processing apparatus determines the amount of coloring material for each pixel of an image representing the object to be reproduced based on the first information and the second information.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus that forms a layer of at least one type of scattering material. The image forming apparatus is configured to obtain subsurface scattering characteristic data indicating the subsurface scattering characteristic of a reproducing target, and determine the laminated structure of the layer of the scattering material based on the subsurface scattering characteristic data. The image forming apparatus is configured to then form an image corresponding to the layer of the scattering material based on the determined laminated structure of the layer of the scattering material.

Abstract: This invention obtains a high-quality output image in which a jaggy or a disconnection of a thin line hardly stands out. An edge detection unit detects whether the pixel of interest is an edge pixel or a non-edge pixel. A screen processing unit performs screen processing for the pixel of interest to determine the output value of the N-level tone. A calculation unit performs filtering processing having a preset visual sense characteristic for an area including the pixel of interest to calculate the target value of the pixel of interest, and corrects the value of the pixel of interest so as to come close to the target value, thereby determining the output value of the N-level tone. The selector selects, according to the detection result by the edge detection unit, either the result from the calculation unit or that from the screen processing unit.

Abstract: In a fuel cell, a cathode passage extends from an oxidizing gas supply hole to an oxidizing gas discharge hole. A turn interval at which a flow direction of an oxidizing gas returns to an original direction in an upstream-side passage region is different from the turn interval in a downstream-side passage region. A ratio between the turn interval in the upstream-side passage region and the turn interval in the downstream-side passage region is set to 1.1:1 to 3:1. The upstream-side passage region is overlapped with a most downstream-side passage portion of an anode passage with a membrane electrode assembly interposed between the upstream-side passage region and the most downstream-side passage portion.

Abstract: A control apparatus configured to control a forming apparatus which forms concavo-convex structure by ejecting ink obtains concavo-convex data indicating the concavo-convex to be formed and divide the concavo-convex data into a plurality of pieces of data. The control apparatus controls a formation order, performed by the forming apparatus, of the concavo-convex portions each corresponding to the plurality of pieces of data divided by the dividing unit based on a feature amount of the concavo-convex indicated by the concavo-convex data.

Abstract: In a linear displacement sensor, two magnets with different polarities define one pitch of a magnetic scale. kn (k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1) sensor units configured to output a plurality of signals whose period is one pitch and whose phases with respect to the pitch are different are arranged along the magnetic scale in a one-pitch segment. Periodic errors with n periods per pitch of the sensor units are canceled out by averaging the phases from the kn sensor units.

Abstract: The present invention reduces deterioration in the output of a fuel cell caused by a high moisture concentration at an oxidant electrode. A control apparatus for a fuel cell comprising an electrolyte membrane, an oxidant electrode provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane, and a fuel electrode provided on the other side of the electrolyte membrane, in which electric power is generated from an oxidant gas supplied to the oxidant electrode and a fuel gas supplied to the fuel electrode, wherein when the current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell fall below a predetermined reference level, and the electrolyte membrane has not dried beyond a predetermined reference level, the control apparatus executes a control operation that increases the gas pressure at the oxidant electrode.

Abstract: A fuel cell system determines whether an operation condition of a fuel cell corresponds to a fuel gas shortage or an oxidation gas shortage. Upon determining that the fuel gas is in shortage, the system sets a lower voltage limit to be higher than that set when the system determines that the oxidation gas is in shortage. The system further controls an output voltage from the fuel cell so as to prevent output voltage from the fuel cell from decreasing below the lower voltage limit.

Abstract: This invention is to provide a technique of always obtaining a stable output image in image formation using toner. A supplier (1217) supplies toner in a decided toner supply amount. A developing device (1206) agitates the supplied toner and supplies the agitated toner to an electrostatic latent image formed on a photosensitive drum (1203), thereby developing a toner image on the photosensitive drum (1203). A correction amount calculation unit (1106) estimates the toner charge amount by calculating a function model that approximates the variation characteristic of the toner charge amount using the toner consumption necessary for printing a print target image, the toner supply amount necessary for printing the print target image, and the toner agitation time. At least one of an image processing condition and a process condition is controlled using the estimated toner charge amount.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image based on an electrophotographic process applied to image data that represents the image includes a device configured to perform a periodic movement for image formation, a storage unit configured to store a table for correcting density variation caused by the device, the table initially generated when a physical property of the device is in a reference state, a prediction unit configured to predict an amplitude of the variation caused when the physical property is in a state different from the reference state, and an adjustment unit configured to adjust the table based on the amplitude predicted by the prediction unit.

Abstract: A diagram creating device has a database and a processing device. The processing device includes a unit which displays names of track sections, names of stations in the track sections, and station line which displays the distances from each station, in parallel to the time axis in the diagram, a unit which displays junction buttons associated with other track sections, near the station line associated with the junction stations belonging to the other track sections in the diagram, and a unit which, when the junction button is pushed, reads the station order data and the junction data based on the track section code of the junction destination, switches part of the station line related to the track section displayed in the diagram for a junction station as a junction point, to the station line subsequent to the junction station belonging to the another track section, and displays the station line.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus configured to form an image on a recording medium using a light emitting unit including a plurality of light emitting elements includes a determination unit configured to determine a referential position of a threshold matrix corresponding to input image data based on a usage situation of each of the plurality of light emitting elements, for each processing target block, and a quantization unit configured to compare the threshold matrix determined by the determination unit with the input image data to quantize the input image data.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus comprising: detection means for detecting position information indicating a scanning position; interval prediction means for predicting a first scanning line interval indicating a distance in the sub-scanning direction between the scanning line of interest and a succeeding scanning line to be scanned after the scanning line of interest; interval calculation means for calculating, by using the position information held by the holding means, a second scanning line interval indicating a distance in the sub-scanning direction between the scanning line of interest and the scanned scanning line; and rate calculation means for calculating a correction rate on an exposure amount for the scanning line of interest so that a predicted density calculated using the first scanning line interval and the second scanning line interval matches with a predicted density calculated using a predetermined reference scanning line interval.

Abstract: Banding can be prevented and image-quality degradation can be reduced. An image processing apparatus includes first creation means configured to distribute density of image data to a pixel on another scanning line on the basis of a difference between an actual print position of the image data and a reference position and to create position-corrected image data, second creation means configured to correct the image data using a correction value corresponding to a position of the image data and to create density-corrected image data, and generation means configured to generate output image data using the position-corrected image data created by the first creation means and the density-corrected image data created by the second creation means.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus capable of forming an image using a plurality of devices which make periodic movements by an electrophotographic method includes a control unit configured to control image formation using the devices, a gradation characteristic storage unit configured to store therein a gradation characteristic of each of the devices, an acquisition unit configured to acquire a phase in each of the devices corresponding to a position of a target pixel, a calculation unit configured to calculate an amount of density variation caused by each of the devices corresponding to the phase and an input value expressing the target pixel, and a correction unit configured to correct an input value expressing the image based on the density variation amount corresponding to each of the devices, wherein the calculation unit calculates the density variation amount based on the gradation characteristic.