Abstract: The present invention provides a fixing device including a flexible cylindrical rotary member and an inner-surface opposing portion that opposes an inner surface of the rotary member at an end portion of the rotary member in a generatrix direction. The inner-surface opposing portion moves upstream in a recording material conveying direction in accordance with lateral shift of the rotary member in the generatrix direction. This restricts the lateral shift of the rotary member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel production method of 4,6-diaminoresorcin, and to 2-sulfonic acid-4,6-dinitroresorcin as its intermediate and salts thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,5-diaminonaphthalene without formation of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and not through an unstable nitro imine and nitro enamine as intermediates, the process including the steps of dehydrogenating 5-substituted-1-tetralone to produce a naphtol compound and then aminating the hydroxyl group of the naphtol compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 1,5-diaminonaphthalene without formation of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and not through an unstable nitro imine and nitro enamine as intermediates, the process including the steps of dehydrogenating 5-substituted-1-tetralone to produce a naphthol compound and then aminating the hydroxyl group of the naphthol compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel production method of 4,6-diaminoresorcin, and to 2-sulfonic acid-4,6-dinitroresorcin as its intermediate and salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel production method of 4,6-diaminoresorcin, and to 2-sulfonic acid-4,6-dinitroresorcin as its intermediate and salts thereof.

Abstract: A preparation process of N,N′-dialkylalkanediamine by reacting dihaloalkane with lower alkylamine characterized by carrying out the reaction with controlling the residual amount in the reaction system of haloalkaneamine intermediate represented by the formula (4): wherein R is a lower alkyl group, R1 and R2 are a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, X is a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, and n is an integer of 2 to 6, and the invention inhibits formation of by-products cyclic dialkyldiamine and trialkylalkanetriamine and can provide desired N,N′-dialkylalkanediamine with a high yield.

Abstract: In a process for reacting N,N'-dialkylethylenediamine with urea in an aprotic polar solvent to prepare 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone, a process comprising progressing the reaction while continuously adding N,N'-dialkylethylnediamine and urea into the aprotic polar solvent. The process is a high-yield manufacturing process in industry capable of efficiently producing very high purity 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone which contains less than 0.1% by weight of by-product 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinimine derived from the raw materials.

Abstract: A preparation process of acyl halide or sulfonyl halide which comprises reacting corresponding carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid with a haloiminium salt represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are same or different lower alkyl groups, X is a halogen atom, and n is an integer of 2 or 3.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel preparation process of a polycondensation type polymer, an excellent polymer which is represented by lactic acid and the preparation process of the polymer, a polycondensation agent used for the preparation process, and an intermediate. Specifically, the invention provides a preparation process of the polycondensation type polymer, for example, polyamide, polyimide, polythioester and polyester, comprising bonding a carboxyl group comprising compound with an active hydrogen group comprising compound in the presence of haloiminium salt. The invention provides excellent polylactic acid having a controlled D/L-isomer ratio in the repeating structural units and preparation process of polylactic acid, and further provides a haloiminium salt compound used for the preparation process and an intermediate compound of acid chloride.

Abstract: A novel bis-urea compound, preparation process of the compound, and preparation process of 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone are disclosed and the disclosure provides a novel preparation process of 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone and simultaneously enables effective utilization of N,N',N"-trialkyldiethylentriamine which lacks a large amount use and is desired to develop new application.

Abstract: A novel bis-urea compound, preparation process of the compound, and preparation process of 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone are disclosed and the disclosure provides a novel preparation process of 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone and simultaneously enables effective utilization of N,N',N"-trialkyldiethylentriamine which lacks a large amount use and is desired to develop new application.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,3,6-Trialkylhexahydro-1,3,6-triazocine-2-on represented by the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.1 .about.C.sub.8 alkyl group and a preparation process of the compound comprising reacting N,N',N"-trialkyldiethylenetriamine represented by the formula (2): ##STR2## wherein R is a C.sub.1 .about.C.sub.8 alkyl group, with urea, phosgene or carbon dioxide.

Abstract: This invention is an industrially efficient and improved process for the preparation of aliphatic polyisocyanates by using esters as the solvent for converting aliphatic polyamines to isocyanates.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclohexanonecarboxylic acid compounds by catalytically hydrogenating the corresponding hydroxybenzoic acid compounds in a secondary alcohol or tertiary alcohol solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4'-hydroxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid by reacting a cyclohexanone-4-carboxylic acid compound with phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst, and then subjecting the resulting 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid compound to decomposition and dehydrogenation reactions in the presence of a base and a dehydrogenation catalyst. The aforesaid cyclohexanone-4-carboxylic acid compound is obtained by catalytically hydrogenating a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid compound in a secondary alcohol or tertiary alcohol solvent, and the reaction mixture thus obtained is directly used for the reaction with phenol.

Abstract: An improved process of producing 1, 3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinones directly from N, N'-dialkylethylenediamine and urea with a high yield is provided, which process comprises reacting a N, N'-dialkylethylenediamine of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or --C.sub.4 H.sub.9, with urea at 180.degree. C. or higher in the presence of a polar solvent, to obtain a 1, 3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone of the formula ##STR2## and preferably comprises carrying out the reaction at two stages, that is, the initial period reaction being carried out at 140.degree. C. or lower to from a 1, 1'-dialkyl-1 1'-dimethylenebisurea and successively the latter reaction being carried out at 180.degree. C. or higher.

Abstract: 4-Alkoxyanilines are obtained industrially advantageously by catalytically hydrogenating a nitrobenzene in the presence of a noble metal catalyst in a mixed solvent containing a lower aliphatic alcohol, sulfuric acid, and water or a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid or both to induce hydrogenation and a Bamberger-type rearrangement reaction. The mixed solvent contains at least 10 moles, preferably 30 to 60 moles, of the lower aliphatic alcohol per mole of the nitrobenzene, 1 to 10 moles, preferably 2 to 7 moles, of sulfuric acid per mole of the nitrobenzene, and 2 to 30% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight, of water, the lower aliphatic carboxylic acid or both.