Abstract: Disclosed is a switching valve having a small contact resistance when a valve body moves along a seating surface of a housing. In a switching valve which includes a valve body, coming into contact with a seating surface of a housing having a plurality of ports and selectively communicating at least two ports of the plurality of ports, and applies a fluid pressure to a back surface of the valve body, the switching valve includes a biasing member configured for biasing the valve body in a direction in which the valve body is moved away from the seating surface of the housing.

Abstract: Method and system for engineering with sequence libraries are provided. A first set of engineering data is defined for a first engineering project to generate a first sequence library for the first engineering project, independently of one or more lower level engineering projects for configuring one or more field control systems. The sequence library assignment process is to assign the first sequence library to the one or more lower level engineering projects simultaneously to generate one or more first assigned sequence libraries for the one or more lower level engineering projects for configuring the one or more field control systems. The parallel configuration process is to perform a parallel configuration process which configures the first sequence library for the first engineering project, while assigning the first sequence library to another one or more lower level engineering projects.

Abstract: In a power unit device of a vehicle in which a differential device is arranged on one side of an engine, warming-up of the engine is facilitated while heat convection from an oil pan to a differential housing is inhibited. The power unit device includes a heat insulating member that covers the outer side of an oil pan, and a differential housing that is fitted to and mounted on the oil pan. A fitting portion is provided in the differential housing, and a fitted portion is provided in the oil pan. A fitting face portion of one of the fitting portion and the fitted portion includes, at different positions in the circumferential direction, a plurality of recesses and projections in the radial direction, and is fitted to a fitting face portion of the other of the fitting portion and the fitted portion by the plurality of projections.

Abstract: A hydrogen mixed gas generation apparatus includes a warm water containment part that contains warm water that is set at a predetermined temperature, a gas supply conduit that guides a hydrogen gas that is generated by a predetermined method into the warm water in the warm water containment part, and a gas discharge conduit that guides and releases the hydrogen gas that is discharged into the warm water by the gas supply conduit from the warm water containment part to an outside thereof.

Abstract: In a power unit device of a vehicle in which a differential device is arranged on one side of an engine, warming-up of the engine is facilitated while heat convection from an oil pan to a differential housing is inhibited. The power unit device includes a heat insulating member that covers the outer side of an oil pan, and a differential housing that is fitted to and mounted on the oil pan. A fitting portion is provided in the differential housing, and a fitted portion is provided in the oil pan. A fitting face portion of one of the fitting portion and the fitted portion includes, at different positions in the circumferential direction, a plurality of recesses and projections in the radial direction, and is fitted to a fitting face portion of the other of the fitting portion and the fitted portion by the plurality of projections.

Abstract: Method and system for engineering with sequence libraries are provided. A first set of engineering data is defined for a first engineering project to generate a first sequence library for the first engineering project, independently of one or more lower level engineering projects for configuring one or more field control systems. The sequence library assignment process is to assign the first sequence library to the one or more lower level engineering projects simultaneously to generate one or more first assigned sequence libraries for the one or more lower level engineering projects for configuring the one or more field control systems. The parallel configuration process is to perform a parallel configuration process which configures the first sequence library for the first engineering project, while assigning the first sequence library to another one or more lower level engineering projects.

Abstract: An industrial plant module-based engineering method includes the following processes. The process is for duplicating a source engineering template having one or more source child templates to create a duplicated engineering template having one or more duplicated child templates, without duplicating any instances. The process is for selecting at least one child instance instantiated from the source engineering template and having an original link to the source engineering template. The process is for changing the original link into a new link between the selected at least one child instance and the duplicated engineering template. The selected at least one child instance has the new link to the duplicated engineering template and is free of the original link to the source engineering template, and wherein unselected one or more child instances remain to have the original link to the source engineering template.

Abstract: An industrial plant module-based engineering method includes the following processes. The process is for duplicating a source engineering template having one or more source child templates to create a duplicated engineering template having one or more duplicated child templates, without duplicating any instances. The process is for selecting at least one child instance instantiated from the source engineering template and having an original link to the source engineering template. The process is for changing the original link into a new link between the selected at least one child instance and the duplicated engineering template. The selected at least one child instance has the new link to the duplicated engineering template and is free of the original link to the source engineering template, and wherein unselected one or more child instances remain to have the original link to the source engineering template.

Abstract: An industrial plant module-based engineering system includes a group module library navigator that contains: a plurality of group class modules and a respective plurality of child class modules under an associated group class module of the plurality of group class modules. A group module instantiation engine is configured to instantiate the group class module with reflecting a hierarchy of the group class modules to generate, in an application structure navigator, a group application module (group APM) and a hierarchy of the group application module (group APM) from the group class module, and to instantiate the child class module to generate, in the application structure navigator, a child application module (child APM) from the child class module. The group module update engine is configured to update the allocation of each group class module and a respective topology of the complex loops of each group class module.

Abstract: An industrial plant module-based engineering system includes a group module library navigator that contains: a plurality of group class modules and a respective plurality of child class modules under an associated group class module of the plurality of group class modules. A group module instantiation engine is configured to instantiate the group class module with reflecting a hierarchy of the group class modules to generate, in an application structure navigator, a group application module (group APM) and a hierarchy of the group application module (group APM) from the group class module, and to instantiate the child class module to generate, in the application structure navigator, a child application module (child APM) from the child class module. The group module update engine is configured to update the allocation of each group class module and a respective topology of the complex loops of each group class module.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle is disclosed, which includes an engine, a rear propeller shaft, a rear differential gear, a transfer mechanism, a front propeller shaft, and a front differential gear. The front propeller shaft is arranged so as to pass through a vicinity of an outside of a room of a pedal working space of a driver's seat and extend toward a front part of the vehicle. In such a four-wheel drive vehicle, the gear ratio of the front differential gear may be RF, the final gear ratio of the rear differential gear may be RR, the transmission ratio of the transfer mechanism may be RT, and the relationships RF<RR and RT>1 may be satisfied.

Abstract: An engineering tool coordination device includes a first tool interface configured to acquire first data having a first data format usable to an engineering tool, a data converter configured to convert the first data into second data usable to the control program, the second data having a second data format, a program provider configured to provide the second data to the control program, a second tool interface configured to acquire a first test request having a first test request format from the engineering tool, a test converter configured to convert the first test request into a second test request executable in the control program, the second test request having a second test request format, and a test manager configured to cause to execute an operation test program in the control program and to operate an operation test using the second data on a basis of the second test request.

Abstract: A configuration system for a process control system configured to perform process control. The configuration system includes, not limited to, a) a definition module, which is stored in a memory, for a part of an industrial plant based on design data. The definition module includes, not limited to, a-1) a control logic definition file configured to define a control logic for the part, and a-2) a data definition file configured to define data relating to the defined control logic.

Abstract: A suspension system for an engine includes an engine mount and an electronic control unit. The engine mount has spring characteristics that are switchable between first spring characteristics and second spring characteristics. The electronic control unit is configured to switch the spring characteristics of the engine mount to the first spring characteristics when the rotational speed of the engine is lower than a predetermined rotational speed, and torque of the engine is equal to or larger than a predetermined torque. The electronic control unit is configured to switch the spring characteristics of the engine mount to the second spring characteristics when the rotational speed of the engine is lower than the predetermined rotational speed, and the torque of the engine is smaller than the predetermined torque.

Abstract: A transfer device of a vehicle is provided, which includes an input shaft for receiving an output torque of a drive source at an axial first side, a main-wheel output part provided on a second side and for outputting the output torque to main drive wheels, an auxiliary-wheel output shaft provided in parallel to the input shaft and for outputting the output torque to auxiliary drive wheels, a coupling provided on the input shaft and for extracting a part of the output torque, a drive member having a hollow section and provided on the input shaft, a driven member provided on the auxiliary-wheel output shaft and meshed with the drive member, a universal joint provided on the auxiliary-wheel output shaft, and a damper device provided on the input shaft or the auxiliary-wheel output shaft and for reducing noise that occurs due to a variation of the output torque.

Abstract: A four-wheel drive vehicle is disclosed, which includes an engine, a rear propeller shaft, a rear differential gear, a transfer mechanism, a front propeller shaft, and a front differential gear. The front propeller shaft is arranged so as to pass through a vicinity of an outside of a room of a pedal working space of a driver's seat and extend toward a front part of the vehicle. In such a four-wheel drive vehicle, the gear ratio of the front differential gear may be RF, the final gear ratio of the rear differential gear may be RR, the transmission ratio of the transfer mechanism may be RT, and the relationships RF<RR and RT>1 may be satisfied.

Abstract: Provided are a method of refining a reaction solution including a carbonate of 1,5-diaminopentane, which is produced by fermentation, through a decarbonation step and a pH adjustment step, and 1,5-diaminopentane which is refined by the above method.

Abstract: An engineering tool coordination device includes a first tool interface configured to acquire first data having a first data format usable to an engineering tool, a data converter configured to convert the first data into second data usable to the control program, the second data having a second data format, a program provider configured to provide the second data to the control program, a second tool interface configured to acquire a first test request having a first test request format from the engineering tool, a test converter configured to convert the first test request into a second test request executable in the control program, the second test request having a second test request format, and a test manager configured to cause to execute an operation test program in the control program and to operate an operation test using the second data on a basis of the second test request.

Abstract: A configuration system, for a process control system configured to perform process control, the configuration system includes, not limited to, a) an editor configured to perform one of generate and update one of a definition module and an application module, wherein a set of the definition module and the application module comprises control logic and design data for a part of an industrial plant. The editor includes, not limited to, a-1) a definition module generator configured to generate or update one of a definition module control logic and an application module control logic based on the definition module design data. The editor is implemented by one or more processors.

Abstract: A transfer device of a vehicle is provided, which includes an input shaft for receiving an output torque of a drive source at an axial first side, a main-wheel output part provided on a second side and for outputting the output torque to main drive wheels, an auxiliary-wheel output shaft provided in parallel to the input shaft and for outputting the output torque to auxiliary drive wheels, a coupling provided on the input shaft and for extracting a part of the output torque, a drive member having a hollow section and provided on the input shaft, a driven member provided on the auxiliary-wheel output shaft and meshed with the drive member, a universal joint provided on the auxiliary-wheel output shaft, and a damper device provided on the input shaft or the auxiliary-wheel output shaft and for reducing noise that occurs due to a variation of the output torque.