Abstract: A tire air pressure detection device of the present invention includes a warning anticipation timing calculating portion for anticipating a warning timing at which tire air pressure decrease detecting portion will detect the tire air pressure decrease based on rotational status value compensated for by a rotational status value compensating portion. A tire air pressure decrease detecting portion detects a decrease in tire air pressure when a clocked determination time reaches the warning anticipation timing anticipated by the warning anticipation timing calculating portion.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and a method of estimating tire air pressure with high accuracy from vehicle operation at low at high speeds regardless of various elements to be mounted to the vehicle. Estimation of tire air pressure based on a resonance frequency extracted based on a wheel speed signal outputted from a wheel speed sensor corresponding to the respective tire and estimation of tire air pressure based on a dynamic load radius derived based on the wheel speed signal, are used to selectively switch in accordance with a magnitude of a variance value of the resonance frequency at a plurality of time points.

Abstract: A cell transmitting device receives cells for transmission to a cell receiving device on a connection in a communication network. The connection has a minimum cell rate, established when the connection is set up. The cell transmitting device measures the input rate of cells to be transmitted on the connection, determines an allowable cell rate on the basis of the input rate and cell rate information supplied by the cell receiving apparatus, and transmits cells within the allowable cell rate. Under certain conditions, such as absence of cell traffic on the connection, the allowable cell rate is set to a lowest cell rate lower than the minimum cell rate, thereby enabling other connections to obtain higher cell rates.

Abstract: A variable value (dynamic load radial deviation &bgr;) for making determination of a tire air pressure is calculated from pulse number cumulative values PFL, PFR, PRL and PRR that are cumulated for individual wheels when a predetermined condition is fulfilled. The calculated variable value is stored as a reference variable value, and a speed of a vehicle at the time when the reference variable value is calculated is stored as a reference vehicle speed associated with the reference variable value. If the value is newly calculated, it is determined whether or not a vehicle speed at that moment is within a predetermined vehicle speed range determined by the reference vehicle speed. If it is determined that the vehicle speed is within the predetermined vehicle speed range, it is determined, based on a difference between the newly calculated variable value and the reference variable value associated with the reference vehicle speed, whether or not the tire air pressure is normal.

Abstract: A wheel information estimating apparatus, which includes: a detecting device for detecting a wheel motion state relating to a movement of a tired wheel of a motor vehicle; an estimating device for estimating wheel information relating to the tired wheel, on the basis of the wheel motion state detected by the detecting device; and a modifying device for modifying an element relating to estimation of the wheel information, so as to improve an accuracy of estimating the wheel information. The element to be modified is selected from a movement of a center of rotation of the tired wheel as viewed in a plane in which the wheel is rotated, a signal applied from the detecting device to the estimating device, and an internal parameter used by the estimating means for estimating the wheel information.

Abstract: A pyroelectric-type IR receiving element comprises a pyroelectric substrate which is fixed to a supporting body at its support ends and at least one rectangular patch formed in the substrate. The patch is formed on its opposite surfaces with first and second electrodes which are overlapped to each other. The substrate has a U-shaped slit composed of a pair of side slits and a base slit connecting the side slits. The U-shaped slit surrounds continuously three sides of the patch, so that the patch is supported by the substrate in a cantilever fashion at a cantilever end which is opposed to one of the support ends of the substrate. Since a thermal stress applied to the substrate when the substrate is exposed to a temperature change is absorbed by the U-shaped slit, a stress concentration to be considered is not developed in the patch. As a result, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of popcorn noise, while maintaining good IR sensitivity.

Abstract: To accurately detect a resonance frequency of tire even in high speed range by which tire air pressure state of each wheel is known, a calculation processing unit to which detection signals of wheel speed and resonance frequencies of tire are inputted calculates a timewise change amount of a wheel speed deviation that is a difference between wheel speed ratios of front and rear wheels. Then, it makes corrections to remove the influence of timewise change amounts of resonance frequencies of front wheels from timewise change amounts of wheel speed deviations based on a relationship between the resonance frequency and the wheel speed deviation when air pressure of the tire is changed.

Abstract: When pressure in any one of tires of a vehicle becomes abnormally low, the tire pressure detecting device detects it and gives a warning to a driver. The tire pressure detection is solely performed based on a value calculated by an on-board micro computer from wheel speeds of each wheel sensed by wheel speed sensors. The calculated value to be used for the tire pressure detection must represent correctly the tire pressure. Whenever the calculated value has a possibility to misrepresent the tire pressure, such value is eliminated from the data for judging the tire pressure. When the value is calculated under a situation where any tire is slipping relative to a road surface, it is highly possible that the calculated value misrepresents the tire pressure. The situation where the tire slippage exists is found out by comparing a driving wheel acceleration with a driven wheel acceleration, and the value calculated under such situation is omitted from the data to be used for judging the tire pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating an air pressure of a tire of a tired wheel of a motor vehicle, on the basis of a temperature of the tire as well as a motion of the tired wheel, preferably including a temperature-related variable sensor for detecting a temperature-related variable related to the temperature of the tire, and an estimating device for estimating the air pressure of the tire on the basis of the temperature-related variable as well as the motion of the tired wheel.

Abstract: In a tire air pressure estimation based upon vibration components extracted rom a vehicle wheel speed signal, when the vehicle is a driven vehicle wheel, the precision of estimation is improved by canceling the components of vibration due to the resonance of the drive system from the vibration components based upon which the estimation calculation is made. The vibration components due to the resonance of the drive system can be canceled by canceling those vibration components extracted from the vehicle wheel speed signal which are the same in the phase between left and right driven vehicle wheels. When the tire air pressure of one of a pair of left and right driven vehicle wheels is lower than that of the other, the lower tire air pressure is more correctly estimated. Therefore, the higher tire air pressure may be estimated according to the lower tire air pressure against the drive system resonance.

Abstract: A detachable gas analyzing apparatus has a plurality of gas analyzer units insertable into and removable from a the front side of a container case. Complementary electrical and gas connectors are disposed on the rear side of the gas analyzer units and the container case. Guides and engaging rails guide the gas analyzer units as they are inserted into the container case. The gas connectors are substantially self-aligning by the provision of complementary tapered portions formed on gas sockets and plugs. The gas connectors also align the electrical connectors and provide compensation for linear misalignment. A plurality of gas connectors may also be employed, forming a number of inward and outward gas passages.

Abstract: A reflector, a metal halide lamp and a container casing containing a lighting circuit board for the metal halide lamp are mounted within a lamp housing. The container casing, having a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, is mounted on the lamp housing through a bracket extending along the rear surface of the reflector in tilted relation to a vertical axis. If an impact is applied to the front side of a headlamp, the container casing rises, thereby protecting the container casing from breakage because of a cushioning effect obtained when the container casing partially deforms the reflector.

Abstract: In vehicular headlamp an adjusting shaft is provided in a lamp housing for adjusting the irradiating angle of the headlamp. The adjusting shaft is threadedly joined to a nut formed with a threaded hole and a notch which opens the threaded hole into a side surface. The threaded shaft portion of the adjusting shaft is engaged with the threaded hole through the notch.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus wherein a disturbance acting on a tired wheel of a vehicle is estimated by a disturbance observer on the basis of the detected angular velocity of the wheel. In one form of the method, the wheel angular velocity is compensated for the disturbance, depending upon the amount of change of the wheel angular velocity caused by the disturbance. In another form of the method, the angular acceleration of the wheel as well as the disturbance is estimated by the observer, and the moment of inertia of the wheel is obtained according to a relationship between the estimated disturbance and angular acceleration of the wheel.

Abstract: A data input/output circuit includes a 32-bit reversible shift register (1) which includes four 8-bit reversible shift registers (2-5). Input gate circuits (6, 7) selectively apply data being inputted in a bit-serial fashion from an external to the 8-bit reversible shift registers (3, 4), and output gate circuits (8-12) selectively output data being stored in arbitrary stages of the 32-bit reversible shift register (1) in a bit-serial fashion. Input latches (13-15) and output latches (16-18) each of which is an 8-bit latch are connected to the respective 8-bit reversible shift registers (2-4) and a data bus (19). The input latches (13-15) hold the data being stored in the 8-bit reversible shift registers (2-4) and send the same onto the data bus (19) in a bit-parallel fashion, and the output latches (16-18) hold the data being sent from the data bus (19) and preset the same into the 8-bit reversible shift registers (2-4) in a bit-parallel fashion.

Abstract: In a color changing lamp equipped with a bulb 4 emitting a color of light, a glove with a different color from the color is selectively located on the covering position and exposure position of the bulb 4 in order to emit the different color of light. The current supply for the bulb 4 is stopped while the glove is selectively moved, thereby preventing different colors of light in a mixed state from being emitted on the way of exchange.

Abstract: A push-on fixer for screw engagement in which a plurality of radially extending notches are formed in a circumferential edge region of a circular hole formed at a center portion of a thin discoid body, and a plurality of inner plate spring pieces are formed on the circumferential edge region of the circular hole so as to allow insertion of an aiming screw into the circular hole and so as to clamp the inserted aiming screw, is provided. An aiming screw is inserted into an aiming screw insertion hole of a lamp body of an automobile head lamp, and is retained so as to be prevented from coming out of the lamp body. A plurality of outer plate spring pieces which press against a push-on fixer abutment surface of the lamp body and a plurality of clamp release claws for releasing the clamping of the screw by the screw clamp plate spring pieces are formed on the outer circumferential edge of the thin discoid body.

Abstract: A vehicular cornering lamp system in which the amount of electric power consumed by the lamp is minimized. Until the angle of rightward (leftward) steering with respect to the position of straight-ahead steering reaches a predetermined angle .theta..sub.R (.theta..sub.L), the right (left) SI lamp remains turned off and the illuminating angle thereof is fixed to 30.degree. in the right (left) direction. After the point of time when the steering angle reaches .theta..sub.R R (.theta..sub.L), the right (left) SI lamp is turned on and the illuminating angle is changed in accordance with steering direction.

Abstract: A motor vehicle headlamp in which electromagnetic waves generated when the discharge bulb employed therein as the light source is activated are prevented from leaking out of the headlamp and interfering with other circuitry on the vehicle. The lamp body of the headlamp is made of a conductive material, or an insulating resin coated with a conductive layer. The lamp body or conductive layer is grounded to the body of the vehicle, thereby to ground out potentially interfering electromagnetic waves generated inside the lamp body.

Abstract: A crucible cassette for use in feeding crucibles to an apparatus for loading and feeding crucibles to a combustion furnace, said cassette having at least one crucible receiving tube capable of receiving a plurality of crucibles stacked one above the other, an engaging member in the bottom of the tube for engaging with the lowermost crucible and supporting it in the receiving tube and a guide member for guiding the rise of the crucibles in the tube, and a pusher for pushing crucibles one by one up out of said tube to enable them to be carried one by one from the cassette means to a sample weighing position in the apparatus.