Abstract: A method of manufacturing a suspension coil spring includes forming first shot peening indentations on a surface of a wire by projecting first shots toward the wire and forming a compressive residual stress portion to which a compressive residual stress is imparted from the surface of the wire to a first depth, and projecting ball shots as second shots toward a lower end turn portion by an ultrasonic apparatus. A size of each ball shot is larger than a size of each first shot. The method includes forming second shot peening indentations on a surface of the lower end turn portion, and a deep residual stress portion in the lower end turn portion, a compressive residual stress of the deep residual stress portion imparted from the surface of the wire to a second depth that is deeper than the first depth.

Abstract: A compound represented by a formula [1D] as shown below (wherein R1A, R1B, R2A, R2B, R3A and R3B represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl group, and the like) is useful as an intermediate for producing a thionucleoside, and the production method of the present invention is useful as a method for producing a thionucleoside.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) is a single-layer photosensitive layer containing at least a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, and a binder resin. The electron transport material includes a naphthoquinone derivative represented by general formula (1). An amount of triboelectric charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer (3) is at least +7 ?C/g. In general formula (1), R11 and R12 are respectively the same as R11 and R12 described in the description.

Abstract: A drying apparatus includes a drying chamber configured to be connected to a decompression section, and a moving section configured to move a target object in the interior of the drying chamber. With this structure, the pressure in the interior of the drying chamber can be reduced and the target object can be dried in the interior of the drying chamber, and thereby the drying efficiency of the target object can be increased.

Abstract: A drying apparatus includes: a heating drying portion that heats and dries a thermoplastic medium to which a liquid has been applied; and a pressurizing portion that pressurizes the thermoplastic medium heated by the heating drying portion to correct a shape of the thermoplastic medium. The pressurizing portion pressurizes, while heating, the heated thermoplastic medium in accordance with a state of the thermoplastic medium deformed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) is a single-layer photosensitive layer (3c) containing a charge generating material and an electron transport material. The electron transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (1) shown below. An amount of charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer (3) is at least +7.0 ?C/g. In general formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent, independently of each other, a halogen atom, for example. Further, m, n, and Y are as described in the description.

Abstract: A hollow stabilizer has a tubular shape and is provided with a torsion section that is provided to a vehicle and that extends in the vehicle width direction; an arm section that extends in the front-back direction of the vehicle; and bent sections that connect the torsion section and the arm section. The hardness of the outer surface of the bent inner sides of the bent sections of the hollow stabilizer is 70% or more with respect to the hardness of the outer surface of the arm section.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow stabilizer includes a forming step of subjecting an element pipe to a bending process, to form a product shape including bent portions, and a quenching step of quenching the element pipe subjected to the bending process. In the quenching step, a cooling process is performed by immersing the element pipe made of steel in coolant and by spraying the coolant to an outer surface of the bent portion.

Abstract: A coil spring includes a helically formed wire having end turn portions at ends thereof, a plurality of first rough surfaces, each including first shot peening indentations formed on a part of a surface of the end turn portions, and a second rough surface including second shot peening indentations formed on the entire surface of the wire except for the first rough surface. The second rough surface has a surface roughness different from that of the first rough surface.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), R1 represents an aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 22 and optionally having an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 10, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 3 and no greater than 20, an aralkyl group having a carbon number of at least 7 and no greater than 20, a cycloalkyl group having a carbon number of at least 3 and no greater than 20, or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6. Chemical groups R2 each represent a halogen atom.

Abstract: To a fulcrum roll unit portion in a workpiece, a corresponding initial curvature radius is applied, and to a bending roll unit portion in a workpiece, a corresponding design curvature radius is applied. To an intermediate unit portion in a workpiece, an intermediate curvature radius set so as to continuously change from the initial curvature radius to the design curvature radius is applied. At least one of the fulcrum roll and the bending roll is moved on the basis of an integrated value obtained by integrating the amount of change in bending position in each of the intermediate unit portion and the bending roll unit portion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) contains a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent, independently of one another: a C1-20 alkyl group optionally having at least one of a C6-14 aryl group optionally having a substituent and a C2-20 alkoxycarbonyl group; a C6-14 aryl group optionally having a C1-20 alkyl group; a C3-10 cycloalkyl group; or a C1-6 alkoxy group.

Abstract: A vertical motion impeller-type shot peening device performs a second shot peening to a coil spring including first shot peening indentations. The vertical motion impeller-type shot peening device includes a workpiece holding mechanism including a lower end turn support and an upper end turn support, a stress applying mechanism which compresses the coil spring, a rotation mechanism, and a projection mechanism which includes a pair of vertically movable impeller units. A first rough surface including first shot peening indentations is formed on a part of end turn portions of the coil spring. A second rough surface including second shot peening indentations is formed on the entire surface of wire except for the first rough surface.

Abstract: A friction stir spot welding apparatus includes a pin member, a shoulder member, a rotation driver, a forward/backward movement driver, and a controller. The controller controls the forward/backward movement driver, such that the pin member and/or the shoulder member press workpieces before a clamp member presses the workpieces, and then controls the rotation driver and the forward/backward movement driver, such that the pin member and the shoulder member stir the workpieces.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a suspension coil spring includes forming first shot peening indentations on a surface of a wire by projecting first shots toward the wire and forming a compressive residual stress portion to which a compressive residual stress is imparted from the surface of the wire to a first depth, and projecting ball shots as second shots toward a lower end turn portion by an ultrasonic apparatus. A size of each ball shot is larger than a size of each first shot. The method includes forming second shot peening indentations on a surface of the lower end turn portion, and a deep residual stress portion in the lower end turn portion, a compressive residual stress of the deep residual stress portion imparted from the surface of the wire to a second depth that is deeper than the first depth.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), R1 represents an aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 22 and optionally having an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 10, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 3 and no greater than 20, an aralkyl group having a carbon number of at least 7 and no greater than 20, a cycloalkyl group having a carbon number of at least 3 and no greater than 20, or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6. Chemical groups R2 each represent a halogen atom.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) is a single-layer photosensitive layer containing at least a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, and a binder resin. The electron transport material includes a naphthoquinone derivative represented by general formula (1). An amount of triboelectric charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer (3) is at least +7 ?C/g. In general formula (1), R11 and R12 are respectively the same as R11 and R12 described in the description.

Abstract: A roll bending apparatus includes: a roll pair formed by a pair of rolls disposed facing each other, the roll pair being configured to sandwich an elongated material between the rolls to perform forming on the elongated material; a slide mechanism configured to slide the roll pair in a first normal direction that is a direction normal to a conveying direction of the elongated material on a plane including the conveying direction; and a tilt mechanism configured to rotate the roll pair about a tilt axis that extends in a second normal direction that is a direction orthogonal to the conveying direction and the first normal direction. The slide mechanism further slides the roll pair to change a position of the roll pair relative to the tilt axis.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) contains a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent, independently of one another: a C1-20 alkyl group optionally having at least one of a C6-14 aryl group optionally having a substituent and a C2-20 alkoxycarbonyl group; a C6-14 aryl group optionally having a C1-20 alkyl group; a C3-10 cycloalkyl group; or a C1-6 alkoxy group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer has a single-layer structure and contains a charge generating material and a compound represented by general formula (1) shown below. In the general formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent, independently of each other: an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms; or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. X represents —S— or —SO2—.