Abstract: An optical and electronic integrated switch includes a network processor that controls the functions of the packet switch, a plurality of optical transceivers having photoelectric conversion functions, and a plurality of optical switches. The optical switches include different types of optical core switch and a plurality of optical-path selection switches. The optical transceivers provided near the processor have a regenerative relay function that regenerates optical signals and turns back the optical signals, and perform optical communication with a communication counterpart via the optical switches. In the optical communication, optical switches of the different types can cooperate to set paths for optical cut-through in which path selection is performed such that inputted optical signals are outputted without the intervention of the processor. This optical cut-through can be effectively performed without imposing a signal processing burden that consumes electric power on the processor.

Abstract: A voltage drop Vzs is calculated based on an output current detection value Iac and a virtual synchronous impedance Zs or a corrected virtual synchronous impedance Zs?, and a value obtained by subtracting the voltage drop Vzs from an internal induced voltage Ef is output as a grid voltage command value Vac*. Zs calculation unit 7 limits an output current phase ? so that the output current phase ? is within an effective range by a phase limiter 12a, and calculates the corrected virtual synchronous impedance Zs? based on a limited output current phase ?, the internal induced voltage Ef, a grid voltage detection value Vac and a current limit value Ilim. Accordingly, in grid interconnection power conversion device that controls a virtual synchronous generator, it is possible to continue operation while suppressing an overcurrent and possess a synchronizing power generated by action or working of a virtual synchronous impedance.

Abstract: The content output device includes an information acquisition unit, a content generation unit and an output unit. The information acquisition unit acquires driving state information which is information related to a current driving state of a vehicle. The content generation unit acquires one or more content elements corresponding to a trigger condition, from among a plurality of content elements combinable with each other, when the driving state information satisfies the trigger condition, and generates an output content using the acquired content elements. The output unit outputs the output content.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a coil spring is formed of a wire which is helically wound, and includes an end turn portion and an effective portion, and a surface of the wire in the end turn portion includes an area which is softer than a surface of the wire in the effective portion.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device comprises a pixel substrate. The pixel substrate includes a photoelectric conversion unit to generate signal charge according to incident light, a floating diffusion unit to receive the signal charge as input, a pixel transistor region including the floating diffusion unit, first and second output lines, and a first region and a second region located outside the first region. In a plan view relative to a main surface of the pixel substrate, the first region is where the first output line overlaps with at least a portion of the pixel transistor region, the second region is where the second output line overlaps with at least a portion of the photoelectric conversion unit, and an end portion of the second output line intersecting with respect to a longer-side direction of the second output line is positioned to overlap with at least a portion of the second region.

Abstract: Efficiency of operation related to acquisition of a tilt offset of a surveying apparatus is improved. A total station includes a tilt sensor, a tilt offset acquisition unit that acquires a tilt offset of the tilt sensor, a measurement unit that measures a variable value of a phenomenon that can cause the tilt offset to vary, and a determination unit that determines whether to acquire the tilt offset, based on output from the measurement unit.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for promotion of the regeneration of the nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral disc, said composition comprising a low endotoxin monovalent metal salt of alginic acid and mesenchymal stem cells. In particular, the composition of the present invention promotes the regeneration of the nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral disc via activation of nucleus pulposus cells by human bone marrow-derived high-purity mesenchymal stem cells and/or differentiation of human bone marrow-derived high-purity mesenchymal stem cells into nucleus pulposus cells.

Abstract: A method for producing a titanium foil according to the present invention includes an electrodeposition step of performing electrolysis with electrodes including an anode and a cathode using a molten salt bath comprising titanium ions and having at least one molten chloride to deposit metal titanium onto an electrolytic surface of the cathode, wherein the electrodeposition step includes maintaining a ratio of a molar concentration of titanium ions to the total molar concentration of metal ions in the molten salt bath at 7% or more, and maintaining a temperature of the molten salt bath at 510° C. or less, and conducting a current to the electrodes under conditions where a continuous stop time of current conduction is less than 1.0 second, a current density is 0.10 A/cm2 or more and 1.0 A/cm2 or less, and a time for electrodepositing the metal titanium onto the electrolytic surface of the cathode is 120 minutes or less.

Abstract: A photonics-electronics convergence switch with which, even if an optical network system is built by combining a plurality of packet switches, the amount of processing in the packet switches does not increase, the optical network system operates with low electric power consumption, and this enables wide-range optical communication between the nodes of a communication origin and of a communication partner, includes a network processor that is an electronic circuit configured to control the functions of the packet switch, a plurality of optical transmitter-receivers having photoelectric conversion functions, and a plurality of optical switches.

Abstract: A scaffold provided with a running board part and a reinforcing member which is attached to at least one end of the running board part in the width direction of the running board part. The reinforcing member has a pair of extension parts which extend in the longitudinal direction of the running board and which are disposed apart from each other in the vertical direction, and a plurality of connecting parts which are disposed at intervals in the longitudinal direction and which connect the pair of extension parts.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a diamond substrate includes: a step of placing a laser condensing unit 190 configured to condense laser light B so as to face an upper surface 10a of a block 10 of single crystal diamond; and a step of forming a modified layer 20, which includes a processing mark 21b of graphite and a crack 22b extending along a surface (111) around the processing mark 21b, along the surface (111) of the single crystal diamond at a predetermined depth from an upper surface of the block by radiating the laser light B on the upper surface 10a of the block 10 from the laser condensing unit 190 under predetermined conditions and condensing the laser light B inside the block 10, and moving the laser condensing unit 190 and the block 10 in a relative manner two-dimensionally.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a diamond substrate includes: a step of placing a laser condensing unit 190 configured to condense laser light B so as to face an upper surface 10a of a block 10 of single crystal diamond, a step of forming a modified layer 20, which includes a processing mark 21 of graphite and a crack 22b extending along a surface (111) around the processing mark 21, in a partial region of the upper surface 10a of the block 10 along the surface (111) of the single crystal diamond, along the surface (111) of the single crystal diamond at a predetermined depth from the upper surface 10a of the block 10 by radiating the laser light B on the upper surface 10a of the block 10 from the laser condensing unit 190 under predetermined conditions and condensing the laser light B inside the block 10, and moving the laser condensing unit 190 and the block 10 in a relative manner two-dimensionally, and a step of forming a cleavage plane 25 at the predetermined depth of the remaining region of the upper surface 1

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a peeled substrate has a laser condensing step for focusing laser light at a prescribed depth from the surface of a substrate and a positioning step for moving and positioning a laser condenser relative to the substrate, the method involving forming a processed layer in the substrate. The laser condensing step includes a laser light adjustment step in which a diffraction optical element is used to branch the laser light into a plurality of branched laser beams, and at least one of the branched laser beams is branched such that the intensity thereof differs from the other branched laser beams. The processed layer is elongated using the branched laser beam having a relatively high intensity among the plurality of branched laser beams to process the substrate, and the elongation of the processed layer is restrained using the branched laser beams having a relatively low intensity.

Abstract: An etching method for etching a substrate using a molten alkali, wherein, while an oxide coating is formed on the surface of the substrate PL to be etched in a high-temperature oxygen-containing environment, the surface to be etched is isotropically etched to remove the oxide coating using a molten alkali AL brought into a prescribed high-temperature range.

Abstract: A substrate manufacturing method capable of easily obtaining a thin magnesium oxide single crystal substrate is provided. A first step is performed which disposes a condenser for condensing a laser beam on an irradiated surface of a magnesium oxide single crystal member in a non-contact manner. A second step is performed which forms processing mark lines in parallel by irradiating the laser beam to the surface of the single crystal substrate under designated irradiation conditions to condense the laser beam into an inner portion of the single crystal substrate while moving the condenser and the single crystal substrate relative to each other in a two-dimensional manner.

Abstract: An etching method in which: molten sodium hydroxide in a prescribed temperature range is used as a molten alkali, whereby an Si surface of an etching surface of an SiC substrate, in which the substrate surface is configured from the Si surface and a C surface, is removed at a higher speed than is the C surface while an oxide film is formed on the etching surface in a high-temperature environment containing oxygen.

Abstract: An etching method for etching a substrate using a molten alkali, wherein, while an oxide coating is formed on the surface of the substrate PL to be etched in a high-temperature oxygen-containing environment, the surface to be etched is isotropically etched to remove the oxide coating using a molten alkali AL brought into a prescribed high-temperature range.

Abstract: A substrate manufacturing method includes: a first step of disposing a condenser for condensing a laser beam in a non-contact manner on a surface 20r of a magnesium oxide single crystal substrate 20 to be irradiated; and a second step of irradiating a laser beam to a surface of the magnesium oxide single crystal substrate 20 and condensing the laser beam into an inner portion of the single crystal member under designated irradiation conditions using the condenser, and at a same time, two-dimensionally moving the condenser and the magnesium oxide single crystal substrate 20 relatively to each other, and sequentially forming processing marks to sequentially allow planar peeling.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a peeled substrate has a laser condensing step for focusing laser light at a prescribed depth from the surface of a substrate and a positioning step for moving and positioning a laser condenser relative to the substrate, the method involving forming a processed layer in the substrate. The laser condensing step includes a laser light adjustment step in which a diffraction optical element is used to branch the laser light into a plurality of branched laser beams, and at least one of the branched laser beams is branched such that the intensity thereof differs from the other branched laser beams. The processed layer is elongated using the branched laser beam having a relatively high intensity among the plurality of branched laser beams to process the substrate, and the elongation of the processed layer is restrained using the branched laser beams having a relatively low intensity.

Abstract: An etching method in which: molten sodium hydroxide in a prescribed temperature range is used as a molten alkali, whereby an Si surface of an etching surface of an SiC substrate, in which the substrate surface is configured from the Si surface and a C surface, is removed at a higher speed than is the C surface while an oxide film is formed on the etching surface in a high-temperature environment containing oxygen.