Abstract: An object of the invention is to perform data reading processing both when an error occurs and when no error occurs by using a memory unit using a nonvolatile semiconductor memory for storing sales data of an electronic cash register. A memory area of a nonvolatile semiconductor memory is divided into a first area and a second area. Sales data is successively written into a plurality of data records from the forefront address of the first area. Into a plurality of flag areas, flags representing whether sales data writing was normally performed or not are written. Sales data sets “C” and “E” having writing errors are newly written in two data records successively from the forefront address of the second area. Of all the data records in the first area, the three data records having no writing errors can be successively read out from the forefront address of the first area, so that data reading can be efficiently performed.

Abstract: A spray nozzle member jets out paint in a fan-shaped pattern. Air streams are jetted from a conically annular center air nozzle in such a way as to surround the fan-shaped pattern, whereby a conically atomized spray pattern is discharged from a deformed opening. Notches formed on the deformed opening cause the conical pattern to spread, and fan-shaped air streams produced by air from auxiliary air nozzles promote the spreading of the spray pattern to a greater extent. Oblique air streams are forwardly supplied from side air nozzles into that pattern, so that a fan-shaped spray pattern is again produced. Paint under a pressure of several kg/cm.sup.2 is discharged from a spray nozzle. An atomizing air stream, except the part thereof corresponding to the edge of the fan-shaped spray, converges on the front extremely close to the spray nozzle. The atomizing air stream is discharged under a pressure of less than 2 kg/cm.sup.

Abstract: An airless spray nozzle which is capable of spraying paint of high viscosity as well as that of low viscosity while effectively preventing generation of tailing. A pair of stops formed between a substantially hemi-spherical depression of a front nozzle section and a through-hole of a rear nozzle section, a pair of main slants formed on the inner surface of the rear nozzle section defining the through-hole, a pair of first auxiliary slants and a pair of the second auxiliary slants each successively formed on the inner surface of the front nozzle section defining the depression cooperate to one another to positively spray paint of increased viscosity under a relatively low pressure without generating any tailing.

Abstract: Cell cultivation is carried out by proliferating cells in a small preliminary culture tank containing immobilizing carriers, stripping proliferated cells from the carriers, forming a cell suspension of the stripped cells in culture medium in an intermediate reservoir, intermittently transferring the suspension into a main culture tank containing ceramic immobilizing carriers and further culturing the cells. The main culture tank has an inversed funnel-shaped inlet above the carriers with a perforated plate attached to the bottom of the inlet for uniform distribution of cell suspension from above the carriers, and a plate in the form of a net under the carriers on a perforated plate for uniform distribution of cell suspension from beneath the carriers.

Abstract: A fan-spray nozzle capable of preventing generation of tailing and improving spraying of paint, as well as being readily manufactured. In the nozzle, a through-hole of a cylindrical section is formed so as to have a cross-sectional area larger than that of a hemispherical depression formed in a dome section and at a front end thereof into a substantially elliptical or oval shape in cross section. The oval-shape has a minor axis portion formed so as to have a length equal to the diameter of the depression so that the through-hole may be smoothly connected to the hemispherical depression at the minor axis portion.