Abstract: A camera includes a fixed first mirror for both reflecting a light flux and transmitting the light flux therethrough, a second mirror for reflecting a part of the light flux transmitted through the first mirror toward a particular device, the second mirror being capable of moving between a non-exposure position and a mirror-retracted position, and a light blocking member movable in interlocked relationship to a movement of the second mirror in such a manner that, when the second mirror is located at the non-exposure position, the light blocking member is located at a light blocking position at which the light blocking member blocks at least a part of the light flux transmitted through the first mirror, and, when the second mirror is retracted to the mirror-retracted position, the light blocking member moves to a retracted position at which the light blocking member is retracted from the light blocking position.

Abstract: A camera provided with a magnetic head for effecting at least one of writing information into a magnetic portion of a film and reading information from the magnetic portion. The camera includes a detection circuit for detecting a feed speed of the film and a prohibiting circuit for prohibiting a photographing operation of the camera when the feed speed of the film detected by the detection circuit is lower than a predetermined speed.

Abstract: A camera, which uses a film with a magnetic memory portion, or a control apparatus for such a camera, includes a first detection sensor for detecting a perforation of the film, arranged at a first position where the perforation of the film passes, a second detection sensor for detecting the perforation of the film, arranged at a second position where the perforation of the film passes and which is shifted from the first position in the direction in which the film is transported, and a control circuit for determining a starting time, a first stopping time, a writing frequency of writing information to the magnetic memory portion of the film, and a second stopping time to stop transporting the film, in response to the first and second detection sensors.

Abstract: A camera using a film which has a magnetic storage part comprises a magnetic head which is arranged to read or write information out of or into the magnetic storage part of the film; and a release device for releasing a positional relation between the magnetic head and the film from an information reading or writing state in which the magnetic head reads or writes the information, until the film is wound around a spool or when the film is stopped.

Abstract: A camera using a film with a magnetic memory portion including a first data setting unit for setting data voluntarily set by a user, a recording unit for recording the voluntarily set data together with an ID for the voluntarily set data on the magnetic memory portion of the film, a second data setting unit for setting predetermined data other than the voluntarily set data, and a control unit for causing the recording unit to record the predetermined data together with the ID for the voluntarily set data on the magnetic memory portion of the film.

Abstract: A camera using film with a magnetic recording portion, is provided with a magnetic head for effecting the writing or reading-out of information onto or from the magnetic recording portion of the film during feeding of the film, and a motor for feeding the film. The motor has a commutator and brushes contacting with the commutator, and is disposed so that the tangential direction of brushes with respect to the commutator may be substantially parallel to a line linking the output shaft of the motor and the head gap of the magnetic head together.

Abstract: There is provided a camera using a film with a magnetic memory. The camera capable of reading or writing information with respect to the magnetic memory of the film includes a movable member which moves as the film moves while the film is being fed; a magnetic head for reading or writing the information which magnetic head is provided in the movable member and is moveable together with the movable member; and an amplifying circuit for amplifying a signal output from the magnetic head so as to transmit it to a control circuit of the camera which amplifying circuit is provided in the movable member and is movable together with the movable member.

Abstract: A camera provided with a loading chamber for loading a cartridge housing an image recording medium, a cover member for covering a cartridge loading aperture of the loading chamber, a resilient member for biasing the cartridge loaded in the loading chamber toward the loading aperture, and a support member for supporting the cartridge in the loading chamber against the biasing force of the resilient member and releasing the supporting action, in response to a movement of the cover member in a direction to open the loading aperture.

Abstract: A camera using a film with a magnetic memory has a magnetic head for writing information to or reading information from the magnetic memory of the film, a pressure plate for holding the magnetic head, and a notch generally formed in the pressure plate at an area where the pressure plate holds the magnetic head.

Abstract: Provided is a fused salt electrolysis process for preparing neodymium or a neodymium alloy, especially a neodymium/iron alloy, which has a high purity and a reduced carbon content, at a low cost, a high current efficiency and a high productivity. According to this fused salt electrolysis process, by collecting the formed neodymium or neodymium alloy at the bottom of the bath and incorporating oxygen gas in the atmosphere above the bath, powdery carbon generated from the carbon electrodes is removed by oxidation and consumption and the electrolysis bath is stabilized. Furthermore, by using a plate-shaped electrode at least for the anode, the critical current density is increased and neodymium or a neodymium alloy can be formed at a high current density and a high current efficiency.

Abstract: An optical system housed within a waterproof package includes, from front to rear, front lens and a rear group of lenses. For both of the front and rear surfaces of the front lens, proper numerical limits of the refractive power of the rear lens group are given to provide an amphibious camera which give a proper optical performance not only in the air but also under water without the necessity of focus adjustment.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a praseodymium-iron alloy or a praseodymium-neodymium-iron alloy, which comprises using praseodymium fluoride (PrF.sub.3) or a mixture of praseodymium fluoride and neodymium fluoride (NdF.sub.3) as the starting material and carrying out the electrolysis in a fused salt bath having a composition comprising substantially 5 to 34% by weight of PrF.sub.3 or a mixture of PrF.sub.3 and NdF.sub.3 and 95 to 66% by weight of lithium fluoride (LiF) by using an iron cathode, and a process for the preparation of praseodymium metal or a praseodymium-neodymium alloy which comprises using praseodymium fluoride (PrF.sub.3) or a mixture of praseodymium fluoride and neodymium fluodide (NdF.sub.3) as the starting material and carrying out the electrolysis in a fused salt bath having a comprising substantially 5 to 75% by weight of PfF.sub.3 or the mixture of PrF.sub.3 and NdF.sub.3 and 95 to 25% by weight of lithium fluoride (LiF) by using a cathode of carbon or an infusible metal.

Abstract: Provided is a fused salt electrolysis process for preparing neodymium or a neodymium alloy, especially a neodymium/iron alloy, which has a high purity and a reduced carbon content, at a low cost, a high current efficiency, and a high productivity. According to this fused salt electrolysis process, by collecting the formed neodymium or neodymium alloy at the bottom of the bath and incorporating oxygen gas in the atmosphere above the bath, powdery carbon generated from the carbon electrodes is removed by oxidation and consumption and the electrolysis bath is stabilized. Furthermore, by using a plate-shaped electrode at least for the anode, the critical current density is increased and neodymium or a neodymium alloy can be formed at a high current density and a high current efficiency.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a praseodymium-iron alloy or a praseodymium-neodymium-iron alloy, which comprises using praseodymium fluoride (PrF.sub.3) or a mixture of praseodymium fluoride and neodymium fluoride (NdF.sub.3) as the starting material and carrying out the electrolysis in fused a salt bath having a composition comprising substantially 5 to 34% by weight of PrF.sub.3 or a mixture of PrF.sub.3 and NdF.sub.3 and 95 to 66% by weight of lithium fluoride (LiF) by using an iron cathode, and a process for the preparation of praseodymium metal or a praseodymium-neodymium alloy which comprises using praseodymium fluoride (PrF.sub.3) or a mixture of praseodymium fluoride and neodymium fluoride (NdF.sub.3) as the starting material and carrying out the electrolysis in a fused salt bath having a comprising substantially 5 to 75% by weight of PrF.sub.3 or the mixture of PrF.sub.3 and NdF.sub.3 and 95 to 25% by weight of lithium fluoride (LiF) by using a cathode of carbon or an infusible metal.

Abstract: A flash device for a camera of the kind using a miniature lamp type flash tube solves all the problems resulting from the use of the straight tube type flash tube. The disclosed arrangement of the flash device not only ensures an adequate light distributing characteristic in all the vertical and lateral directions but also permits reduction in size of an electronic flash unit.

Abstract: A camera uses a shape-memory material featuring the constuction and arrangement of the elements of shape-memory material in which different operations of the camera can be made performed by a common member of shape-memory material, or the operation of the camera can be recycled at a high rate as a fan is driven when the film is transported with advantages of improving features of the camera.

Abstract: In a camera having the body thereof molded with optical members inserted in a synthetic resin material, the parts of the resin material covering the periphery of each of the optical members on the inner and outer sides thereof are arranged to have a thickness ratio varying between about 1:0.5 and about 1:2. Each of chamfers "c" which are provided on the optical member in the direction of thickness "t" thereof is arranged to be about 0.1 (mm).ltoreq.c.ltoreq. about 0.2 t. Further, each intersecting angular part between two adjacent sides of the optical member is chamfered with the chamfer measuring about 0.1 l to 0.45 l or thereabout relative to the length l of the shorter of the two sides. The bevelling arrangement prevents the optical members from cracking due to uneven stress developing during the forming and contracting processes of insert molding.

Abstract: A waterproof camera has its body covered with a front cover and a back lid with camera mechanisms arranged within the body. The adhesion of the front cover and the back lid is improved to attain a waterproof effect with a packing carried jointly by the peripheral edges of the camera body and the front cover.

Abstract: A camera comprises an exposure meter having a pointer deflected to a position dependent upon the brightness level of an object to be photographed, a scanning mechanism actuated by a camera release to scan the position of the deflected pointer with the scanning result being introduced to a lens aperture mechanism, an automatic focus adjusting device actuated by the camera release to control the focusing of an objective lens in accordance with a photoelectrically sensed distance from the camera to the object, and a control mechanism. Since the photoelectric elements in measuring the object distance have a relatively long time lag, the control mechanism functions upon actuation of the camera release to defer the actuation of the scanning mechanism and the autofocusing device, pending completion of the detection of the object distance. In this manner, an exposure setting accurately corresponding to the prevailing lighting conditions is obtained.