Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by a support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the support. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer comprising a polyester resin having a recurring unit represented by the following formula (1): wherein A1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The resultant surface layer is effective in improving an abrasive resistance of the photosensitive member.

Abstract: The present invention includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a polyphenylene resin, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus both having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An outer rotor-type multi-pole generator includes a plurality of coils wound around a large number of protruding poles provided around an outer periphery of a stator core through a bobbin, and terminal members fitted into fitting tube portions integrally provided on the bobbin to pass through the stator core over opposite ends of the stator core. Each of the coils is connected to one end of the terminal member. Each of the terminal members includes a flat plate-shaped base portion fitted into the fitting tube portion and a clamping plate portion protruding sideways from one end of the base portion. The end of the coil is connected to the one end of the terminal member by fusing with the clamping plate portion being folded in such a manner that the end of the coil is clamped between the clamping plate portion and one end of the base portion. Thus, the operation for connecting the coils to the terminal members is facilitated, and the number of steps of the connecting operation is reduced.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support. The photosensitive layer containing a polysilane compound which has a structural unit represented by the following Formula (1) and has as a terminal group of the polymer chain a group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy and aryloxy ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aralkyl group; R.sub.2 represents an ethyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a vinyl group, or an alkyl group or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 3 or more carbon atoms, whose carbon atom directly bonded to the phenyl group is a primary carbon atom or a secondary carbon atom.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by at least a support, a photosensitive layer disposed on the support, and a protective layer disposed on the photosensitive layer. The protective layer comprises a cured product obtained from a condensation product between a silyl acrylate compound and colloidal silica. The protective layer is effective in providing the photosensitive member with improved potential stability against a change in environmental conditions and an excellent durability.

Abstract: A surface layer of a photosensitive layer contains a resin comprising a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1), and at least one compound of a triarylamine compound represented by the following general formula (2) and a styryl compound represented by the following general formula (3): ##STR1## wherein, X is --CR.sub.13 R.sub.14 --, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted .alpha.,.omega.-alkylene, single bond, --O--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, wherein R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are each hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl, and R.sub.1 to R.sub.12 are each hydrogen, halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl; ##STR2## wherein Y is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy, or ##STR3## wherein R.sub.15 ' to R.sub.24 ' are each hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy, R.sub.15 to R.sub.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging member, an imagewise exposure system, a developing system having a toner feed member, a transfer system, and a cleaning system wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing a lubricative, fluorine-containing resin powder and the toner feed member includes a spacer member coming into contact with the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and also a process cartridge than can be detachably mounted on the electrophotographic apparatus.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon. The photosensitive member is electrified by applying voltage to an electrification means brought into contact therewith, and it has higher impedance (.OMEGA..cndot.cm) at an end portion than at other portion of the area where the photosensitive member is allowed to contact with the electrification means. Also, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photosensitive member are disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer comprising a bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin is charged by contact charging. The charged electrophotographic photosensitive member is then subjected to imagewise exposure to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member, the thus formed electrostatic latent image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is developed. The electrophotographic photosensitive member shows good resistance to wearing and toner sticking when subjected to electrophotographic image formation including a contact charging process.

Abstract: An image forming process is carried out through the steps of electrostatically charging a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, forming an electrostatic latent image by image exposure, developing the latent image and transferring the developed image to a transfer member. The photosensitive member is comprised of a conductive support and a photosensitive layer which contains oxytitanium phthalocyanine as a charge-generating material and a charge-transporting material. The charge-generating material and the charge-transporting material have a work function (W.sub.F.sup.CG) and a work function (W.sub.F.sup.CT), respectively. Those work functions satisfies the following relationship:-0.2<W.sub.F.sup.CG -W.sub.F.sup. CT.ltoreq.0 (eV)The above steps is carried out while the photosensitive member rotates once at 1.5 seconds or less.