Abstract: An encoder counts the length of a data produced by the variable-length encoding, and time-division-multi-plexes information of the data length to the variable-length encoded data. Art encoder time-division-multiplexes information of the number of bits after a fixed partition used in the error-correction encoding to the initial bit of a variable-length code to a variable-length encoded data, and transmits them. An encoder, when a variable-length code for one symbol of the variable-length encoding extends over a partition used in the error-correction encoding, inserts a special code before the partition, or guarantees that the top of the partition is always at the top of the variable-length code. An encoder obtains the sum of fields and the difference between fields, and performs on these values the orthogonal transform to encode them.

Abstract: An encoder counts the length of a data produced by the variable-length encoding, and time-division-multiplexes information of the data length to the variable-length encoded data. An encoder time-division-multiplexes information of the number of bits after a fixed partition used in the error-correction encoding to the initial bit of a variable-length code to a variable-length encoded data, and transmits them. An encoder, when a variable-length code for one symbol of the variable-length encoding extends over a partition used in the error-correction encoding, inserts a special code before the partition, or guarantees that the top of the partition is always at the top of the variable-length code. An encoder obtains the sum of fields and the difference between fields, and performs on these values the orthogonal transform to encode them.

Abstract: An encoder which counts the length of a data produced by the variable-length encoding, and time-division-multiplexes information of the data length to the variable-length encoded data. An encoder which time-division-multiplexes information of the number of bits after a fixed partition used in the error-correction encoding to the initial bit of a variable-length code to a variable-length encoded data, and transmits them. An encoder which, when a variable-length code for one symbol of the variable-length encoding extends over a partition used in the error-correction encoding, inserts a special code before the partition, or guarantees that the top of the partition is always at the top of the variable-length code. An encoder which obtains the sum of fields and the difference between fields, and performs on these values the orthogonal transform to encode them.

Abstract: In a high-efficiency encoder which performs motion-compensation prediction, an intra-field is set every n fields. The presence of a scene change is detected. When a scene change occurs, a reference picture of motion-compensation prediction is switched, or the field immediately after the scene change is set as an intra-field. In intra encoding mode, a digital video signal is encoded after dividing the digital video signal into subbands, and in predictive encoding mode, the digital video signal is encoded without dividing it into subbands.

Abstract: In a high-efficiency encoder which performs motion-compensation prediction, an intra-field is set every n fields. The presence of a scene change is detected. When a scene change occurs, a reference picture of motion-compensation prediction is switched, or the field immediately after the scene change is set as an intra-field.

Abstract: A video signal encoding apparatus in which the number of quantization bits used in a quantizing circuit is determined on the basis of the activity index of each video block and the length of coded data or alternatively on the basis of the activity index of each video block and the number of events (each event consisting of the zero run length and nonzero value of quantized data). The video signal is encoded in a compressed form after shuffling the video blocks in such a manner that, when attention is given to any given video block, its four neighboring video blocks belong to units different from the unit to which the attention video block belong. Compression encoding of the video blocks is performed in sequence starting with the center of the screen and then proceeding toward the sides of the screen.

Abstract: An FM signal which is partly missing zero crossing points is supplied to an input terminal, to which a second polarity discriminating circuit and a lower side band suppressing circuit followed by a first polarity discriminating circuit are coupled together. A pulse extracting circuit receives the outputs of the first polarity discriminating circuit and a second polarity discriminating circuit to produce pulses corresponding only to portions of the FM signal at which the zero crossing points are absent. The pulses thus obtained are subsequently combined in a waveform reforming circuits with the FM signal from the input terminal, thereby permitting the FM signal to regain the zero crossing points.

Abstract: A video signal processing device comprises a synthesizing circuit for synthesizing three signals delayed a unitary time with respect to each other, a detecting circuit for detecting correlations of these three signals, and an output circuit for selecting and outputting, on the basis of a result of detection of the correlations, two signals each indicative of an average value of the signals neighboring in terms of time and a signal which may exist intermediate the length of time. The correlation detecting circuit is operable to detect two of the three signals delayed a predetermined time T from each other, which have a closer correlation with each other. The output signal selecting circuit is operable in response to the result of detection performed by the correlation detecting circuit to output the signal indicative of the average value of these two signals having the closer correlation with each other, or the signal existing at the center of the length of time between these two signals.