Abstract: An electron-emitting electrode for discharge lamps etc. uses an electron-emitting material which contains a first metal component selected from Ba, Sr and Ca and a second metal component selected from Ta, Zr, Nb, Ti and Hf and also contains oxynitride perovskite. The electron-emitting material has restrained evaporation during electric discharge and a high resistance to ion sputtering.

Abstract: An electron-emitting material contains a first metal component selected from Ba, Sr and Ca and a second metal component selected from Ta, Zr, Nb, Ti and Hf and also contains oxynitride perovskite. The electron-emitting material has improved electron emission characteristics, restrained evaporation at elevated temperatures, and minimized consumption by ion sputtering. The electron-emitting material is prepared by firing a metal component-containing raw material disposed in proximity to carbon in a nitrogen gas-containing atmosphere to thereby create oxynitride perovskite.

Abstract: The invention decreases crosstalk due to capacitive coupling between through type capacitor elements in a multilayer through type capacitor array. On dielectric sheets between electrodes, which constitute a multi capacitor array, through-holes filled with conductive materials are formed, where a central conductor is not present. By electrically connecting conductive materials filled in the through-holes, electrostatic shielding is provided between the through type capacitor elements. Electrical connection is achieved through conductive layers formed outside or inside the through type capacitor elements.

Abstract: A magnetic fluid comprising metal fine particles of iron, 50 to 100 wt % of the metal particles of a surface-active agent selected from phospholipids, and 100 to 800 wt % of the metal particles of a medium in the form of a diester of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid exhibits remarkably high saturation magnetization.

Abstract: A magnetic fluid comprising metal fine particles of cobalt, a nonionic or oil-soluble anionic surface-active agent, and a low-volatile solvent exhibits remarkably high saturation magnetization.

Abstract: A magnetic fluid comprising metal fine particles of cobalt, 25 to 60% based on the weight of the metal particles of a surface-active agent selected from the group consisting of polyglycerine fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and mixtures thereof, and 50 to 250% based on the weight of the metal particles of a low boiling hydrocarbon medium exhibits remarkably high saturation magnetization.