Abstract: A power supply system includes a system control unit, an auxiliary power supply, and an auxiliary-power-supply control unit. The system control unit and the auxiliary-power-supply control unit are configured such that information of at least one control unit of the system control unit and the auxiliary-power-supply control unit is able to be output to another control unit of the system control unit and the auxiliary-power-supply control unit. The at least one control unit is configured to output information indicating that an operation of the at least one control unit is stopped to the other control unit when the at least one control unit stops the operation of the at least one control unit.

Abstract: A method for producing a biaryl compound represented by the formula (2) Ar—Ar??(2) wherein Ar represents an aromatic group which can have a substituent, comprising conducting a coupling reaction of a compound represented by the formula (1) Ar—Cl??(1) wherein Ar represents the same meaning as defined above, in the presence of copper metal and a copper salt.

Abstract: Provided are a biphenyltetrasulfonic acid compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a cation, a hydrocarbon group, or the like; R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an aralkyoxy group, or the like; and X1 represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, or the like, and a polymer containing a structural unit originating from the biphenyltetrasulfonic acid compound.

Abstract: A method for producing a biaryl compound represented by the formula (2) Ar—Ar ??(2) wherein Ar represents an aromatic group which can have a substituent, comprising conducting a coupling reaction of a compound represented by the formula (1) Ar—Cl ??(1) wherein Ar represents the same meaning as defined above, in the presence of copper metal and a copper salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a compound represented by the formula (3): wherein n is an integer of 1 to 6, characterized by the steps of hydrolyzing a solution containing an ester compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R is a lower alkyl group and n is an integer of 1 to 6, and a compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R is as defined above, adjusting the pH of the resulting solution to pH 4 to 8, and then subjecting to phase separation to obtain an organic layer containing the carboxylic acid of formula (3).

Abstract: A process for producing an epoxy compound represented by the formula (3): wherein Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, R1, R2, R3, Q1 and Q2 are as defined below, which comprises reacting a dihydroxy compound represented by the formula (1): HO-Q1-Ar1—Ar2—Ar3-Q1-OH??(1) wherein Q1 denotes a single bond, Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 each denotes any one of divalent groups represented by the following formulas: and a compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R1, R2 and R3 denote hydrogen atom, Q2 denotes a straight-chain alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and X denotes halogen atom, in the presence of at least one selected from the group consisting of an amine compound and an ammonium salt, and further reacting the obtained reaction mixture and an inorganic base by mixing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a compound represented by the formula (3): wherein n is an integer of 1 to 6, characterized by the steps of hydrolyzing a solution containing an ester compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R is a lower alkyl group and n is an integer of 1 to 6, and a compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R is as defined above, adjusting the pH of the resulting solution to pH 4 to 8, and then subjecting to phase separation to obtain an organic layer containing the carboxylic acid of formula (3).

Abstract: A process for producing a dicarboxylic acid compound represented by the formula (4): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents lower alkyl and the wavy line indicates that this compound is the E- or Z-isomer or a mixture of them, characterized by reacting a compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R1, R2 and the wavy line have the same meanings as the above, and one of X2 and X3 represents hydrogen and the other represents halogen, with nitrophenol represented by the formula (3): in the presence of a base; a process for producing a nitrochromone compound represented by the formula (5): wherein R1 has the same meaning as the above, characterized by reacting the dicarboxylic acid compound or carboxylic acid thereof with an acid; a process for producing an aminochromone compound which comprises reducing the nitrochromone compound; and a process for producing an amidochromone compound which comprises acylating the aminochromone compound are provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a dicarboxylic acid compound represented by the formula (4): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents lower alkyl and the wavy line indicates that this compound is the E- or Z-isomer or a mixture of them, characterized by reacting a compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R1, R2 and the wavy line have the same meanings as the above, and one of X2 and X3 represents hydrogen and the other represents halogen, with nitrophenol represented by the formula (3): in the presence of a base; a process for producing a nitrochromone compound represented by the formula (5): wherein R1 has the same meaning as the above, characterized by reacting the dicarboxylic acid compound or carboxylic acid thereof with an acid; a process for producing an aminochromone compound which comprises reducing the nitrochromone compound; and a process for producing an amidochromone compound which comprises acylating the aminochromone compound are provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a dicarboxylic acid compound represented by the formula (4): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents lower alkyl and the wavy line indicates that this compound is the E- or Z-isomer or a mixture of them, characterized by reacting a compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R1, R2 and the wavy line have the same meanings as the above, and one of X2 and X3 represents hydrogen and the other represents halogen, with nitrophenol represented by the formula (3): in the presence of a base; a process for producing a nitrochromone compound represented by the formula (5): wherein R1 has the same meaning as the above, characterized by reacting the dicarboxylic acid compound or carboxylic acid thereof with an acid; a process for producing an aminochromone compound which comprises reducing the nitrochromone compound; and a process for producing an amidochromone compound which comprises acylating the aminochromone compound are provided.

Abstract: There is provided an industrially advantageous process for producing a 1-chloro-4-arylbutane represented by the general formula (2): wherein R represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy, characterized by reacting 1-bromo-3-chloropropane with a compound represented by the general formula (1): wherein R is as defined above; and X represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine, in a solvent.

Abstract: There is provided an industrially advantageous process for producing a 1-chloro-4-arylbutane represented by the general formula (2): 1

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing crystals of 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone salt having a high bulk density and improved flow properties, by treating 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone of formula (1) ##STR1## or hydrogen halide salt thereof with sulfuric acid, in a solvent.