Abstract: A corporate business support system includes a population forming unit, a change keyword extraction unit, a co-occurrence word extraction unit, and an output unit. The population forming unit forms a population for each type of element of 3C (customer, company and competitor) and for each of predetermined periods. The change keyword extraction unit extracts a change keyword based on the formed populations. The co-occurrence word extraction unit extracts a change keyword included in both populations as a co-occurrence word among the extracted change keywords in a combination of a company and a customer and a combination of the company and the competitor which are elements of 3C. The output unit outputs text including the extracted co-occurrence word in association with one of the combination of the company and a customer and a combination of a company and a competitor.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacture and sales strategy planning method comprising a step of determining, based on information related to a sales plan of a plurality of products and a production capacity of a production facility to produce each product, whether there is any spare capacity in the production capacity of the production facility in relation to the sales plan for each of the products, a step of applying one among a plurality of profit improvement strategies, according to an availability of the spare capacity, to each product determined in this step, and calculating an improvement effect of each product, a step of selecting, based on each calculation result obtained in this step, a specific product among the plurality of products in which the improvement effect has exceeded a set value with regard to each of the plurality of profit improvement strategies, a step of extracting, for each profit improvement strategy, an item which satisfies a restricting condition of sale or production of the specific product se

Abstract: Provided is a manufacture and sales strategy planning method comprising a step of determining, based on information related to a sales plan of a plurality of products and a production capacity of a production facility to produce each product, whether there is any spare capacity in the production capacity of the production facility in relation to the sales plan for each of the products, a step of applying one among a plurality of profit improvement strategies, according to an availability of the spare capacity, to each product determined in this step, and calculating an improvement effect of each product, a step of selecting, based on each calculation result obtained in this step, a specific product among the plurality of products in which the improvement effect has exceeded a set value with regard to each of the plurality of profit improvement strategies, a step of extracting, for each profit improvement strategy, an item which satisfies a restricting condition of sale or production of the specific product se

Abstract: A product narrowing down support system in an enterprise dealing with various kinds of goods, includes a processing unit and a storage unit, in which the storage unit stores, a product master table storing various kinds of goods, a management index database storing a management index of the enterprise and data thereof for each product, and a factor index database storing a factor index for each department affected by multiple products and data thereof for each product, and the processing unit narrows down a product which greatly influences deterioration in the management index for each management index by VC crossing to specify a product of a target for which a measure is to be implemented.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to enable extraction of more structures having a possibility including problems. A problem structure extraction support system extracts multiple loop structures from an evaluation model, replaces a common portion which includes nodes and links in series common to the multiple loop structures by one of the nodes included in the common portion, and determines the reference models corresponding to the multiple loop structures.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to enable extraction of more structures having a possibility including problems. A problem structure extraction support system extracts multiple loop structures from an evaluation model, replaces a common portion which includes nodes and links in series common to the multiple loop structures by one of the nodes included in the common portion, and determines the reference models corresponding to the multiple loop structures.

Abstract: To provide a technology of improving the corrosion resistance of a spark plug. A spark plug having a metal shell on the outer surface of which a nickel plated layer is formed as a protective surface film. The nickel plated layer is such that when the atomic concentrations of constituent elements are measured in a depth direction by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the concentration of carbon atoms is 1.0% to 10.0% at a depth at which the atomic concentration of Ni elements is 80%.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a metal shell, a ground electrode joined to a front end portion of the metal shell and a nickel layer formed on the ground electrode, wherein the ground electrode has a base material exposed region in which a base material of the ground electrode is exposed; and wherein the nickel layer includes an outer-lateral-side nickel layer located on an outer lateral surface of the ground electrode at a position adjacent to the base material exposed region and satisfies a condition of LA?25 ?m, where LA is a length from a first part of the outer-lateral-side nickel layer having a thickness equal to 80% of a maximum thickness of the outer-lateral-side nickel layer to a second part of the outer-lateral-side nickel layer having a thickness equal to 20% of the maximum thickness of the outer-lateral-side nickel layer in a longitudinal direction of the ground electrode.

Abstract: A spark plug superior in salt corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance is provided. The spark plug includes a metallic shell coated with a composite layer which includes a nickel plating layer and a chromate layer formed on the nickel plating layer. The spark plug is characterized in that the nickel plating layer has a thickness A which satisfies a relational expression 3 ?m?A?15 ?m and that the chromate layer has a thickness B which satisfies a relational expression 2 nm?B?45 nm.

Abstract: An adhesion of a nickel plating layer to a metal shell is improved, and an effect of improving a corrosion resistance by providing the nickel plating layer is sufficiently exerted. A spark plug 1 includes a cylindrical metal shell 3 that extends in an axial CL1 direction, and a nickel plating layer 31 that is made of metal containing nickel as a main component and covers an outer surface of the metal shell. In a monochrome image of 256 gradations where black is 0 and white is 255, which is obtained by observing a cross-section perpendicular to an outer surface of the nickel plating layer by a transmission electron microscope with an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, an average value in 256 gradations of the monochrome image is 170 or larger and 230 or smaller.

Abstract: A spark plug having a metallic shell covered with a nickel plating layer and having a groove portion formed between a tool engagement portion and a gas seal portion and having an orthogonal-to-axis sectional area of 36 mm2 or less.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a metal shell, a ground electrode joined to a front end portion of the metal shell and a nickel layer formed on the ground electrode, wherein the ground electrode has a base material exposed region in which a base material of the ground electrode is exposed; and wherein the nickel layer includes an outer-lateral-side nickel layer located on an outer lateral surface of the ground electrode at a position adjacent to the base material exposed region and satisfies a condition of LA?25 ?m, where LA is a length from a first part of the outer-lateral-side nickel layer having a thickness equal to 80% of a maximum thickness of the outer-lateral-side nickel layer to a second part of the outer-lateral-side nickel layer having a thickness equal to 20% of the maximum thickness of the outer-lateral-side nickel layer in a longitudinal direction of the ground electrode.

Abstract: A spark plug includes an insulator extending along an axis and a metal shell provided on the outer periphery of the insulator. The metal shell includes a thread portion for threadedly engaging with a mounting hole of an internal combustion engine and a seat portion having a tapered surface whose outer diameter decreases gradually toward a leading end side. The tapered surface contacts with a bearing surface of the internal combustion engine when the thread portion is engaged with the mounting hole. Annular protruding portions or a helical protruding portion are formed within a range on the tapered surface from an outermost peripheral portion to a part forming an outer diameter occupying 95% of the diameter of the outermost peripheral portion. The arithmetic mean roughness of a surface of the tapered surface within the range is set to 1-5 ?m on a section including the axis.

Abstract: A spark plug comprising: a center electrode extending along an axis; an insulator provided about the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode; a metal shell provided about the outer peripheral surface of the insulator; a noble metal tip provided at the leading end portion of the center electrode; one end of the ground electrode fixed at the leading end of the metal shell, and the other end of the ground electrode forming a gap with the leading end of the noble metal tip; a stopper preventing the noble metal tip from moving relative to the central electrode; a molten portion formed by irradiating laser or electron beam; and a closed space formed between the basal portion of the noble metal tip and the center electrode. The molten portion welds the center electrode and a part of the basal portion of the noble metal tip.

Abstract: A spark plug includes an insulator extending along an axis and a metal shell provided on the outer periphery of the insulator. The metal shell includes a thread portion for threadedly engaging with a mounting hole of an internal combustion engine and a seat portion having a tapered surface whose outer diameter decreases gradually toward a leading end side. The tapered surface contacts with a bearing surface of the internal combustion engine when the thread portion is engaged with the mounting hole. Annular protruding portions or a helical protruding portion are formed within a range on the tapered surface from an outermost peripheral portion to a part forming an outer diameter occupying 95% of the diameter of the outermost peripheral portion. The arithmetic mean roughness of a surface of the tapered surface within the range is set to 1-5 ?m on a section including the axis.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a tubular metal shell extending in an axial direction, wherein the metal shell includes: an externally threaded portion formed on a tip end side of an outer periphery of the metal shell; a seat portion formed on a rear end side of the externally threaded portion in the axial direction and protruding radially outward; and a nickel layer provided on an outer surface of the metal shell, wherein the nickel layer contains phosphorus, and a phosphorus concentration in a portion in which a nickel concentration is 50 at % in a thickness direction of the nickel layer itself is 6 at % or more and 20 at % or less.

Abstract: To provide a technology of improving the corrosion resistance of a spark plug. A spark plug having a metal shell on the outer surface of which a nickel plated layer is formed as a protective surface film. The nickel plated layer is such that when the atomic concentrations of constituent elements are measured in a depth direction by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the concentration of carbon atoms is 1.0% to 10.0% at a depth at which the atomic concentration of Ni elements is 80%.

Abstract: An adhesion of a nickel plating layer to a metal shell is improved, and an effect of improving a corrosion resistance by providing the nickel plating layer is sufficiently exerted. A spark plug 1 includes a cylindrical metal shell 3 that extends in an axial CL1 direction, and a nickel plating layer 31 that is made of metal containing nickel as a main component and covers an outer surface of the metal shell. In a monochrome image of 256 gradations where black is 0 and white is 255, which is obtained by observing a cross-section perpendicular to an outer surface of the nickel plating layer by a transmission electron microscope with an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, an average value in 256 gradations of the monochrome image is 170 or larger and 230 or smaller.

Abstract: There is provided a pairing computation device provided with a CPU which computes pairing e(S,Q) with S?G1, Q?G2, ? being a given integer variable, and F being a rational function calculated using Miller's algorithm with respect to multi-pairing (MMA). An order r, a trace t of the Frobenius endomorphism ?p are specified preliminarily using the integer variable ? according to an embedding degree k. The CPU performs pairing computation by means of: an input unit which inputs the integer variable ?, the rational point S, and the rational point Q into respective predetermined registers; a computation unit which computes F; a computation unit which computes a value at a rational point Q(xQ, yQ) of a straight line passing through given rational points; a computation unit which computes f? ?,S(Q) using the aforementioned F and the value; and a computation unit which computes the pairing e(S,Q) using aforementioned f? ?,S(Q) as [F83]. [F83] e(S,Q)=f??,S(Q)(pk?1)/r.

Abstract: A spark plug having a metallic shell covered with a nickel plating layer and having a groove portion formed between a tool engagement portion and a gas seal portion and having an orthogonal-to-axis sectional area of 36 mm2 or less.