Abstract: Suppression or enhancement of various properties of a liquid fluid is aimed by improving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles by means of making a state in which no oxidized film exists on the surfaces of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the liquid fluid. The location of the liquid fluid is confirmed with ease by enhancing the brightness of light emission of the fluid through uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the liquid fluid containing a material having a flame reaction. In this way, as to liquid fluids utilized in various industries, it is possible to offer a technology to desirably enhance or suppress a property desired to be enhanced and a property desired to be suppressed among various properties that its constituents have.

Abstract: A light-emitting material is provided allowing a light-emitting body having an excellent low-excitation characteristic and high brightness to be obtained by using a light-emitting material containing a light-emitting base material that emits light through radiative transition of electrons in material atoms, the light-emitting base having nanoparticles added thereto and dispersed therein, the light-emitting material also allowing a reduction in excitation energy and an increase in brightness to be simultaneously achieve, thereby allowing, for a wide range of light-emitting bodies, a reduction in excitation energy and a significant improvement in brightness to be achieved in a simple structure. Also provided is a light-emitting body having the light-emitting material and a light-emitting method.

Abstract: Suppression or enhancement of various properties of a liquid fluid is aimed by improving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles by means of making a state in which no oxidized film exists on the surfaces of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the liquid fluid. The location of the liquid fluid is confirmed with ease by enhancing the brightness of light emission of the fluid through uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the liquid fluid containing a material having a flame reaction. In this way, as to liquid fluids utilized in various industries, it is possible to offer a technology to desirably enhance or suppress a property desired to be enhanced and a property desired to be suppressed among various properties that its constituents have.

Abstract: Suppression or enhancement of various properties of a liquid fluid is aimed by improving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles by means of making a state in which no oxidized film exists on the surfaces of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the liquid fluid. The location of the liquid fluid is confirmed with ease by enhancing the brightness of light emission of the fluid through uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the liquid fluid containing a material having a flame reaction. In this way, as to liquid fluids utilized in various industries, it is possible to offer a technology to desirably enhance or suppress a property desired to be enhanced and a property desired to be suppressed among various properties that its constituents have.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to efficiently produce ultrafine particles having such a small diameter as 50 nm or less, a narrow range of size distribution, and a non-oxidation surface. According to the present invention, the metallic ultrafine particles are produced by dropping a raw metallic powder onto a controllably heated evaporating surface in a decompressed inert gas; instantly evaporating the raw metallic powder to form the ultrafine particle; and condensing and depositing the ultrafine particle on a trapping surface arranged above the evaporating surface. The raw metallic powder is any one of a single metal, an alloy and an intermetallic compound, preferably has an average particle diameter controlled to 500 ?m or smaller so that the powder can be instantly evaporated, and is preferably supplied by a minute amount.

Abstract: Nano-particles 1 of a metal or the like are dispersed in a liquid fluid 2. Thereby, the reactivity or toxicity of the liquid fluid can be reduced when the liquid fluid has reactivity or toxicity. The flow resistance of the liquid fluid can be raised, and the leakage of the liquid fluid from minute cracks can be reduced. By using the liquid fluid as a heat transfer medium of a heat exchanger, the heat transfer performance equivalent to or higher than the heat transfer performance of the original heat exchanger can be obtained.

Abstract: Suppression or enhancement of various properties of a liquid fluid is aimed by improving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles by means of making a state in which no oxidized film exists on the surfaces of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the liquid fluid. The location of the liquid fluid is confirmed with ease by enhancing the brightness of light emission of the fluid through uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the liquid fluid containing a material having a flame reaction. In this way, as to liquid fluids utilized in various industries, it is possible to offer a technology to desirably enhance or suppress a property desired to be enhanced and a property desired to be suppressed among various properties that its constituents have.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to efficiently produce ultrafine particles having such a small diameter as 50 nm or less, a narrow range of size distribution, and a non-oxidation surface. According to the present invention, the metallic ultrafine particles are produced by dropping a raw metallic powder onto a controllably heated evaporating surface in a decompressed inert gas; instantly evaporating the raw metallic powder to form the ultrafine particle; and condensing and depositing the ultrafine particle on a trapping surface arranged above the evaporating surface. The raw metallic powder is any one of a single metal, an alloy and an intermetallic compound, preferably has an average particle diameter controlled to 500 ?m or smaller so that the powder can be instantly evaporated, and is preferably supplied by a minute amount.

Abstract: Nano-particles 1 of a metal or the like are dispersed in a liquid fluid 2. Thereby, the reactivity or toxicity of the liquid fluid can be reduced when the liquid fluid has reactivity or toxicity. The flow resistance of the liquid fluid can be raised, and the leakage of the liquid fluid from minute cracks can be reduced. By using the liquid fluid as a heat transfer medium of a heat exchanger, the heat transfer performance equivalent to or higher than the heat transfer performance of the original heat exchanger can be obtained.

Abstract: Nano-particles 1 of a metal or the like are dispersed in a liquid fluid 2. Thereby, the reactivity or toxicity of the liquid fluid can be reduced when the liquid fluid has reactivity or toxicity. The flow resistance of the liquid fluid can be raised, and the leakage of the liquid fluid from minute cracks can be reduced. By using the liquid fluid as a heat transfer medium of a heat exchanger, the heat transfer performance equivalent to or higher than the heat transfer performance of the original heat exchanger can be obtained.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an intermediate heating medium has a shell of the heat exchanger, a plurality of cylindrical partition tubes each of which has an annular space therein and is closed at both end portions thereof with annular walls, the cylindrical partition tubes being arranged concentrically in a mutually spaced manner in the shell, and helical coil-shaped heat exchanger tubes each of which is disposed in the annular space in the cylindrical partition tube. A high-temperature heating medium flows in the shell through clearances among the helically arranged multiple cylindrical partition tubes, a low-temperature heating medium flows in each of the helical coil-shaped heat exchanger tubes, and an intermediate heating medium chemically inactive with respect to both the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium and excellent in the heat transferring performance is passed through each of the annular spaces in the cylindrical partition tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an intermediate heating medium comprises a shell of the heat exchanger, a plurality of cylindrical partition tubes each of which has an annular space therein and is closed at both end portions thereof with annular walls, the cylindrical partition tubes being arranged concentrically in a mutually spaced manner in the shell, and helical coil-shaped heat exchanger tubes each of which is disposed in the annular space in the cylindrical partition tube. A high-temperature heating medium flows in the shell through clearances among the helically arranged multiple cylindrical partition tubes, a low-temperature heating medium flows in each of the helical coil-shaped heat exchanger tubes, and an intermediate heating medium chemically inactive with respect to both the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium and excellent in the heat transferring performance is passed through each of the annular spaces in the cylindrical partition tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an intermediate heating medium is provided. A multiplicity of inner tubes 2 are disposed in a shell 1 of a heat exchanger 10. A low-temperature heating medium Y (water) flows in these inner tubes and a high-temperature heating medium X (liquid sodium) flows in the shell. These inner tubes are divided into a plurality of groups so that each group has a plurality of said inner tubes. The plural inner tubes constituting one group are disposed in one outer tube 3, and an intermediate heating medium Z chemically inactive with respect to both the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium and excellent in heat transferring performance is passed through each outer tube. The possibility that the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium contact each other can be reduced to an extremely low level.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an intermediate heating medium is provided. A multiplicity of inner tubes 2 are disposed in a shell 1 of a heat exchanger 10. A low-temperature heating medium Y (water) flows in these inner tubes and a high-temperature heating medium X (liquid sodium) flows in the shell. These inner tubes are divided into a plurality of groups so that each group has a plurality of said inner tubes. The plural inner tubes constituting one group are disposed in one outer tube 3, and an intermediate heating medium Z chemically inactive with respect to both the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium and excellent in heat transferring performance is passed through each outer tube. The possibility that the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium contact each other can be reduced to an extremely low level.