Abstract: A heat-sensitive recording material in which a heat-sensitive color-developing layer comprising, as the main components, a usually colorless or light-colored color former and a developer capable of developing the color former upon heating on a support, characterized by comprising, as the developer, crystals of 3,3'-diallyl-4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenyl sulfone which have DSC (Te) of at least 149.degree. C. and which are of a crystal form characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at least at diffraction angles (2.theta.) [.degree.] of 7.2 and 22.0, obtained by an X-ray powder diffractometry using Cu--K.alpha. rays. This heat-sensitive recording material is high in sensitivity, little in Discoloration of the ground in heat and moisture and excellent in image durability.

Abstract: A method of producing an impact resistant liquid crystal display, for a nematic liquid crystal display or a chiral smectic ferroelectric liquid crystal display, includes the steps of fixing a liquid crystal panel onto a panel fixing member so as to substantially expose the liquid crystal panel through an opening of the panel fixing member and disposing an elastic member along a periphery of the panel fixing member. The elastic member is affixed to a supporting member so as to define an almost closed space with the liquid crystal panel, the panel fixing member, the elastic member and the supporting member, whereby an air damping effect is created to suppress flexural deformation of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal cell comprising a pair of substrates each having thereon a transparent electrode with a thickness of 840 .ANG. or less, 1320-1680 .ANG., 1960-2470 .ANG. or 3180-3850 .ANG., and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates in a thickness of 10 microns or less; and a fluorescent light source comprising at least two types of fluophors having different emission peak wavelengths. The liquid crystal may preferably be a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a thickness of 5 microns or less. A dielectric film of, e.g., Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 or TiO.sub.2 having a larger refractive index than the transparent electrode may be disposed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is provided with a liquid crystal panel comprising a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode and a liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates. A supporting member having a frame supports the liquid crystal panel, and an elastic member for secures the liquid crystal panel in a floating state to the frame of the supporting member so as to define an almost closed space enclosed with the liquid crystal panel, the supporting member and the elastic member. A backlight illuminates the liquid crystal panel below the supporting member so as to define the almost closed space enclosed with the liquid crystal panel, the supporting member, the elastic member and the backlight.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal apparatus includes: a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell including a pair of substrates each having an electrode and an alignment film thereon, the alignment films being respectively provided with uniaxial orientation axes (preferably those provided by rugging) which are provided in parallel and in the same oblique direction of from upper right to lower left or from lower left to upper right [from lower right to upper left or from upper left to lower right], a first polarizer having a transmission axis set within a region (I) defined by a clockwise (or counterclockwise) angle of 45.degree. from the direction of the uniaxial orientation axes, a second polarizer having a transmission axis set within a region (II) defined by a clockwise (or counter-clockwise) angle of 45.degree.

Abstract: An illuminator comprises a light-transmitting member formed of a plurality of transparent sheet-like members laminated to each other, a light source disposed on the light-incoming side of the light-transmitting member, a light-reflecting member disposed on the light-outgoing side of the light-transmitting member at an oblique angle to the transparent sheet-like members, and a sheet-like member having a scattering area at which a light ray reflected from the light-reflecting member is converted into scattered light and coming into surface contact with the light-transmitting member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising: a liquid crystal cell comprising a pair of substrates, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal showing at least two different optically stable states formed by cooling from a uniaxial alignment phase and disposed between the substrates; and a polarizer and an analyzer disposed to sandwiched the liquid crystal cell; wherein the chiral smectic liquid crystal, polarizer and analyzer are disposed to satisfy any one of the following sets of conditions I-IV characterized by combination of X, Y and Z directions shown below:______________________________________ X Y Z ______________________________________ I clockwise counterclockwise perpendicular II clockwise clockwise parallel III counterclockwise counterclockwise parallel IV counterclockwise clockwise perpendicular ______________________________________with proviso that the chiral smectic liquid crystal is disposed so that the long axes of the chiral smectic liquid crystal molecules are aligned with a twist in the X direction a

Abstract: A heat-sensitive recording material characterized in that a heat-sensitive color-developing layer containing a compound represented by the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, a leuco dye and an acidic substance is formed on a support.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus in which a plurality of light sources are provided and the lights emitted from the light sources are incident on to photoelectric converting means from an object to be read, thereby reading an image of the object; and dividing the light sources into a plurality of blocks, for sequentially divisionally lighting on the light sources every block, and for lighting on, in a pulse-like manner, the light sources of the blocks which are not divisionally lit on.

Abstract: A line sensor for color reading comprises a plurality of line sensors, each having photosensors arranged one-dimensionally, for the number of the color signals to be separated arranged in parallel with each other on one and the same substrate; and a color filter for color signal separation directly disposed on the light-receiving portion of each of said line sensors. The parallel line sensors may be disposed so as to be non-coplanar, e.g., by provision of insulating layers at least on wiring sections of the first and second line sensors, the second and third line sensors being disposed on the first and second insulating layers, respectively.

Abstract: A line photosensor comprising a plurality of sensor elements in at least one row on a substrate and a plurality of extract wiring electrodes extending from the respective sensor elements. The extract wiring electrodes are wired in an electrically isolated and laminated manner. The extract wiring electrodes are laminated such that they hold therebetween a laminated structure including a first insulating layer, an intermediate electrode layer formed on the first insulating layer, and a second insulating layer formed on the intermediate electrode layer.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus comprising a photosensor for receiving light from a light source through an original document, a wiring section for driving the photosensor, a circuit for driving the photosensor and for processing an output signal from the photosensor. The apparatus includes a first substrate having the photosensor and the wiring section thereon, and a second substrate having the circuit thereon and being separated from the first substrate. The second substrate is fixed above the first substrate.

Abstract: There is a method and an apparatus for reading an image in which the light emitted from a light source through an original is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric converting device and is outputted as an image singal. In this method, a compensation light is radiated onto the photoelectric converting device and thereby causing a compensation signal to be generated therefrom; this compensation signal is stored into a memory; an original image is then read; and the read signal is compensated by the compensation signal stored in the memory. The compensation light corresponds to each intensity of lights which are obtained through a reference original to be read and which are received by the photoelectric converting device. By use of this method in an original reading section of a facsimile apparatus or the like, an ununiformity and a variation in signal of each bit which is read by the photoelectric converting device are compensated, so that a stable output image signal can be derived.