Abstract: A skin substitute membrane includes a surface on one side including a groove-shaped depressed portion and a planar portion, the depressed portion having a cross section having a chamfered V-letter shape, the surface having an arithmetic mean roughness Sa of more than or equal to 10 ?m to less than or equal to 50 ?m. The depressed portion has a width of more than or equal to 50 ?m to less than or equal to 500 ?m and a depth of more than or equal to 30 ?m to less than or equal to 150 ?m. A spectral transmittance for light of more than or equal to 290 nm to less than or equal to 400 nm in wavelength is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%.

Abstract: A skin substitute membrane includes a surface on one side including a groove-shaped depressed portion and a planar portion, the depressed portion having a cross section having a chamfered V-letter shape, the surface having an arithmetic mean roughness Sa of more than or equal to 10 ?m to less than or equal to 50 ?m. The depressed portion has a width of more than or equal to 50 ?m to less than or equal to 500 ?m and a depth of more than or equal to 30 ?m to less than or equal to 150 ?m. A spectral transmittance for light of more than or equal to 290 nm to less than or equal to 400 nm in wavelength is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%.

Abstract: A method of applying an external dermatological medication to a skin or a skin substitute substrate with an external dermatological medication for evaluating characteristics of the external dermatological medication acquired by irradiating the skin or the skin substitute substrate with light including a first applying step of spreading the external dermatological medication in one direction on the skin or the skin substitute substrate from a side surface of the skin or the skin substitute substrate; a second applying step of spreading the external dermatological medication in a direction perpendicular to the one direction on the skin or the skin substitute substrate, wherein the first applying step and the second applying step are repeated by a predetermined number of times.

Abstract: A skin substitute membrane includes a surface on one side including a groove-shaped depressed portion and a planar portion, the depressed portion having a cross section having a chamfered V-letter shape, the surface having an arithmetic mean roughness Sa of more than or equal to 10 ?m to less than or equal to 50 ?m. The depressed portion has a width of more than or equal to 50 ?m to less than or equal to 500 ?m and a depth of more than or equal to 30 ?m to less than or equal to 150 ?m. A spectral transmittance for light of more than or equal to 290 nm to less than or equal to 400 nm in wavelength is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes first and second MOS transistors which selectively connect a first capacitor to a DC power supply so as to charge the first capacitor, and third and fourth MOS transistors which selectively connect the first capacitor to a second capacitor so as to charge the second capacitor by electric charges stored in the first capacitor. A predetermined output voltage is produced at a lead of the second capacitor serving as an output terminal, based on the charge/discharge operations of the first and second capacitors in response to the switching operations of the four MOS transistors. A variable voltage is applied to a back gate of one MOS transistor selected from the first to fourth MOS transistors. When the selected MOS transistor is on, a first control transistor in the converter forms a connection between a source and a back gate of the selected MOS transistor, to reduce the resistance value of the selected MOS transistor when turned on.

Abstract: A soluble salt (sodium sulfate or sodium borate (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 or Na.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7) contained as the main component in a concentrated radioactive waste liquid generated in the BWR power plant or the PWR power plant is insolubilized and precipitated, sodium hydroxide (NaOH formed in the insolubilization is separated from the precipitate and the radioactive waste liquid slurry containing the precipitate is solidified with a hydraulic solidifying material. Since the separated caustic soda (NaOH) is free of radioactive substances, it can be easily utilized again, and since the radioactive substances are stably fixed in the solidified body, leakage of radioactivity from the solidified body can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for pelletizing a radioactive waste powder is disclosed. The apparatus includes a pelletizing section, and a pelletizing die which has one end facing a powder receiving cavity formed in the pelletizing section and the other end exposed to the atmosphere, and a through bore is so formed in the die as to pass from the one end to the other end. A first pelletizing rod can be inserted into and pulled out of the through bore from the one end of the die through the cavity, and a second pelletizing rod can be inserted into a pulled out of the through bore from the other end of the die. The first and second rods are arranged such that, when the second rod takes a predetermined position in the through bore, the first rod is inserted through the receiving cavity into the through bore, thereby enabling the pelletizing operation of the powder within the through bore.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with radioactive waste pellets in solidified form in which radioactive waste pellets including light waste pellets having specific gravities smaller than that of a filler are solidified with the filler in a container. A cover disposed in an opening portion of the container is provided with filler injection ports which do not permit the passage of the light waste pellets. The invention is further related to a process for forming radioactive waste pellets in solidified form by injecting the filler through the filler injection ports formed in the cover, so that the radioactive waste pellets and the filler are uniformly solidified.