Abstract: A LCD device having a large pixel holding capacitance includes opposedly facing first and second substrates, and liquid crystal between them. The first substrate includes a video signal line, a pixel electrode, a thin film transistor having a first electrode connected to the video signal line and a second electrode connected to the pixel electrode, a first silicon nitride film formed above the second electrode, an organic insulation film above the first silicon nitride film, a capacitance electrode above the organic insulation film, and a second silicon nitride film above the capacitance electrode and below the pixel electrode. A contact hole etched in both the first and second silicon nitride films connects the second electrode and the pixel electrode to each other. A holding capacitance is formed by the pixel electrode, the second silicon nitride film and the capacitance electrode.

Abstract: A novel cell culture method for inducing differentiation of a pluripotent stem cell into trophoblast and an automatic culture apparatus therefor includes: a first step of culturing the pluripotent stem cell in a presence of a ROCK inhibitor during a first time period; a second step of culturing the pluripotent stem cell, which has been subjected to the first step, without the ROCK inhibitor during a second time period following the first time period; and a step of culturing the pluripotent stem cell, which has been subjected to the second step, in the presence of the ROCK inhibitor during a third time period following the second time period, in which the pluripotent stem cell is cultured in a state of being adhered to a cell culture substrate including a planar mesh through the first to third time periods.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a knowledge which divides a knowledge base into at least two knowledge portions, that is, rule groups so as to permit the rule groups to be processed independently of one another, and selects, as a portion to be processed, only a corresponding divided knowledge portion based on characteristics of knowledge required for a knowledge processing in a scheduling problem which includes a large number of planning data to be processed and a plurality of restricting conditions, thereby enabling a highly efficient and high speed scheduling.