Abstract: A part includes a base material, a colored layer, an intermediate layer, and a water-repellent-surface layer. The colored layer contains 35 at % to 99 at % of C, 0 at % to less than 40 at % of Cr, 0 at % to less than 15 at % of N, and more than 0 at % to less than 15 at % of O. The intermediate layer contains at least one metal atom selected from Cr, Zr, and Si; and an oxygen atom. The intermediate layer exhibits a sputtering time of 0.

Abstract: A composite structure formation method includes the steps of storing a plurality of pre-formed controlled particles in a storage mechanism, supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism constantly, disaggregating the supplied controlled particles into a plurality of the fine particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol in which an entire contents of the controlled particles including the fine particles are dispersed in the gas; and spraying all of the fine particles in the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure of the structure and the substrate. The controlled particles are controlled so that bonding strength between the fine particles includes a mean compressive fracture strength sufficient to substantially avoid disaggregation during the supply step, but which permits the controlled particles to be substantially completely disaggregated in the disaggregation step.

Abstract: Provided is a wet area member for use in an indoor wet environment, comprising: a base member; and an amorphous carbon layer formed on a surface of the base member and mainly containing carbon atoms, wherein the amorphous carbon layer further contains hydrogen atoms, and the amorphous carbon layer contains the hydrogen atoms in a predetermined amount or more and has a density lower than a predetermined value so as to be capable of inhibiting sticking of water scale for a long period. This makes it possible to obtain a wet area member which exhibits a high stain release property and a high stain release durability.

Abstract: A composite structure formation method includes the steps of storing a plurality of pre-formed controlled particles in a storage mechanism, supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism constantly, disaggregating the supplied controlled particles into a plurality of the fine particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol in which an entire contents of the controlled particles including the fine particles are dispersed in the gas; and spraying all of the fine particles in the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure of the structure and the substrate. The controlled particles are controlled so that bonding strength between the fine particles includes a mean compressive fracture strength sufficient to substantially avoid disaggregation during the supply step, but which permits the controlled particles to be substantially completely disaggregated in the disaggregation step.

Abstract: A composite structure formation method includes the steps of storing a plurality of pre-formed controlled particles in a storage mechanism, supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism constantly, disaggregating the supplied controlled particles into a plurality of the fine particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol in which an entire contents of the controlled particles including the fine particles are dispersed in the gas; and spraying all of the fine particles in the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure of the structure and the substrate. The controlled particles are controlled so that bonding strength between the fine particles includes a mean compressive fracture strength sufficient to substantially avoid disaggregation during the supply step, but which permits the controlled particles to be substantially completely disaggregated in the disaggregation step.

Abstract: A composite structure formation method includes the steps of storing a plurality of pre-formed controlled particles in a storage mechanism, supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism constantly, disaggregating the supplied controlled particles into a plurality of the fine particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol in which an entire contents of the controlled particles including the fine particles are dispersed in the gas; and spraying all of the fine particles in the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure of the structure and the substrate. The controlled particles are controlled so that bonding strength between the fine particles includes a mean compressive fracture strength sufficient to substantially avoid disaggregation during the supply step, but which permits the controlled particles to be substantially completely disaggregated in the disaggregation step.

Abstract: Provided is a wet area member for use in an indoor wet environment, comprising: a base member; and an amorphous carbon layer formed on a surface of the base member and mainly containing carbon atoms, wherein the amorphous carbon layer further contains hydrogen atoms, and the amorphous carbon layer contains the hydrogen atoms in a predetermined amount or more and has a density lower than a predetermined value so as to be capable of inhibiting sticking of water scale for a long period. This makes it possible to obtain a wet area member which exhibits a high stain release property and a high stain release durability.

Abstract: A plurality of pre-formed controlled particles for use in an aerosol deposition method by which an aerosol with brittle material fine particles dispersed in a gas is sprayed toward a substrate to form a structure made of the brittle material fine particles. Each of the controlled particles includes an assembly packed with a plurality of fine particles which are not chemically bonded together, which include the brittle material fine particles, and have a mean primary particle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more and 5 ?m or less. The controlled particles have a mean circle-equivalent diameter of 20 ?m or more.

Abstract: A plurality of pre-formed controlled particles for use in an aerosol deposition method by which an aerosol with brittle material fine particles dispersed in a gas is sprayed toward a substrate to form a structure made of the brittle material fine particles. Each of the controlled particles includes an assembly packed with a plurality of fine particles which are not chemically bonded together, which include the brittle material fine particles, and have a mean primary particle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more and 5 ?m or less. The controlled particles have a mean circle-equivalent diameter of 20 ?m or more.

Abstract: A composite structure formation method based on an aerosol deposition method by which an aerosol with brittle material fine particles dispersed in a gas is sprayed toward a substrate to form a structure made of the brittle material fine particles, the composite structure formation method includes: storing a plurality of controlled particles in a storage mechanism, the controlled particle being an assembly packed with a plurality of particles including the brittle material fine particles; supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism; disaggregating the supplied controlled particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol; and spraying the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure having the structure and the substrate.

Abstract: A particle cluster for an aerosol deposition method, the particle cluster includes: an assembly packed with a plurality of fine particles including brittle material fine particles, the particle clusters having a spatula angle of 46.2° or less.

Abstract: A composite structure having excellent plasma resistance includes a base material having a surface containing a ceramic polycrystal and a structure formed on the surface of the base material containing the ceramic polycrystal, wherein the structure contains a polycrystal containing a brittle material; a grain boundary layer having a glass layer does not substantially exist on a boundary face between crystals forming the polycrystal; a part of the polycrystal forms an anchor part embedded into the base material surface; and an average roughness (Ra) of an interface between the anchor part and the base material surface is 100 nm or less.

Abstract: A composite structure forming method comprises the steps of first pre-treating brittle material fine particles to impart an internal strain to the brittle material fine particles, secondly causing the brittle material fine particles in which the internal strain has been created to collide with a substrate surface at high speed or applying a mechanical impact force to the brittle material fine particles containing the internal strain therein provided on the substrate surface, to deform or fracture the brittle material fine particles, re-joining the fine particles through active new surfaces generated by the deformation or fracture, forming an anchor section made of polycrystalline brittle material of which part bites into the substrate surface at a boundary section between the new surfaces and the substrate, and further forming a structure made of polycrystalline brittle material on the anchor section.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a structure made of yttrium oxide is formed on a surface of a substrate comprises yttrium oxide polycrystals as a main component, a boundary layer made of hyaline does not substantially exist on a boundary face between crystals which form the structure, and both a cubic system and a monoclinic system exist in the crystal system of the yttrium oxide polycrystals. With this, it is possible to adjust the hardness of the structure made of yttrium oxide formed on a surface of a substrate to be larger than that of an yttrium oxide sintered body.

Abstract: A composite structure forming method comprises the steps of first pre-treating brittle material fine particles to impart an internal strain to the brittle material fine particles, secondly causing the brittle material fine particles in which the internal strain has been created to collide with a substrate surface at high speed or applying a mechanical impact force to the brittle material fine particles containing the internal strain therein provided on the substrate surface, to deform or fracture the brittle material fine particles, re-joining the fine particles through active new surfaces generated by the deformation or fracture, forming an anchor section made of polycrystalline brittle material of which part bites into the substrate surface at a boundary section between the new surfaces and the substrate, and further forming a structure made of polycrystalline brittle material on the anchor section.

Abstract: A composite structure forming method comprises the steps of first pre-treating brittle material fine particles to impart an internal strain to the brittle material fine particles, secondly causing the brittle material fine particles in which the internal strain has been created to collide with a substrate surface at high speed or applying a mechanical impact force to the brittle material fine particles containing the internal strain therein provided on the substrate surface, to deform or fracture the brittle material fine particles, re-joining the fine particles through active new surfaces generated by the deformation or fracture, forming an anchor section made of polycrystalline brittle material of which part bites into the substrate surface at a boundary section between the new surfaces and the substrate, and further forming a structure made of polycrystalline brittle material on the anchor section.

Abstract: A composite structure formation method based on an aerosol deposition method by which an aerosol with brittle material fine particles dispersed in a gas is sprayed toward a substrate to form a structure made of the brittle material fine particles, the composite structure formation method includes: storing a plurality of controlled particles in a storage mechanism, the controlled particle being an assembly packed with a plurality of particles including the brittle material fine particles; supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism; disaggregating the supplied controlled particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol; and spraying the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure having the structure and the substrate.

Abstract: A particle cluster for an aerosol deposition method, the particle cluster includes: an assembly packed with a plurality of fine particles including brittle material fine particles, the particle clusters having a spatula angle of 46.2° or less.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a composite structure body is provided which forms structure body having the constitution in which the crystals of more than one type of brittle material are dispersed and having novel properties without involving a heating/sintering process. The apparatus includes an aerosol generator configured to generate an aerosol. The aerosol is generated through dispersing fine particles of more than one type of brittle material, or dispersing composite fine particles, in a gas. The apparatus also includes a nozzle configured to spray the aerosol, a classifier configured to classify the brittle material fine particles in the aerosol, and a disintegrating machine for disintegrating agglomerations of the brittle material fine particles in the aerosol. The composite structure body is manufactured in reduced pressure conditions by bombarding a substrate with the aerosol at a high velocity, whereby at least one of crystals and microstructures of said brittle materials are dispersed.

Abstract: A CMP conditioner having excellent corrosion resistance around abrasive grains includes a grindstone base having, formed on one side, an abrasive grain layer including abrasive grains fixed in a metallic bonding phase treated to form a first protective layer comprising an oxide on the surface of the metallic bonding phase of the abrasive grain layer by the sol-gel method. Subsequently, an aerosol obtained by dispersing fine particles of a brittle material in a gas is jetted and caused to strike on the surface of the first protective layer to form a second protective layer comprising a thick oxide film.