Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes (a) a first substrate, (b) a second substrate spaced away from and facing the first substrate, (c) a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, (d) a transistor formed on the first substrate, (e) a wiring layer formed on the first substrate and electrically connected to the transistor, (f) a reflection electrode formed on the first substrate, an external incident light being reflected at the reflection electrode towards a viewer, and (g) a compensation layer formed directly on the wiring layer. The reflection electrode does not cover the wiring layer therewith, and the compensation layer has almost the same height as a height of the reflection electrode, the height being measured from a surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: In order to improve processing steps of fabricating an active-matrix addressed reflective liquid crystal display, a lower substrate, which is positioned at one side with respect to a liquid crystal layer, is provided with two electrodes in parallel with each other and in parallel with the liquid crystal layer. One of the two electrodes is electrically coupled to a source electrode of a switching element assigned to one pixel, and the other electrode is electrically couple to a constant potential source. Each of the two electrodes has characteristics of light reflectivity, which is able to reduce the intensity of exposing light when an insulating layer provided above the electrodes is patterned.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display provided with a reflective layer, a coplanar gate electrode, a color filter layer and a transparent pixel electrode and a manufacture method thereof. The reflection type liquid crystal display can be manufactured on the same manufacture line as that of a transmission type liquid crystal display. In order to realize this manufacture method, a photolithography mask capable of forming both a gate electrode and a reflective layer, and a photolithography mask capable of forming only the gate electrode are prepared, and by using either one of the masks, the reflection type liquid crystal display in which both the gate electrode and the reflective layer are formed on a transparent insulation substrate, and the transmission type liquid crystal display in which only the gate electrode is formed, are selectively manufactured.

Abstract: In a liquid-crystal display panel, columnar spacers are formed on a substrate on the transparent electrode side in minimally a part of the pixel parts of a plurality of pixel parts, in which there is little variation in the film thickness of a plurality of films formed over the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including a glass substrate 53, a transparent electrode 55 arranged on the glass substrate, a glass substrate 40, a thin film transistor (TFT) 44 arranged on the glass substrate 40, an insulation film 45 arranged on the TFT 44 and having a convex/concave structure 45a on its surface, a reflection electrode 48 arranged along the convex/concave structure 45a and connected to the TFT 44, and a liquid crystal layer 56 sandwiched between the transparent electrode 55 and the reflection electrode 48. The insulation film 48 protects the TFT transistor 44 after being formed and has the convex/concave structure 45a formed irregular arrangement of regions having different film thickness values. Thus, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the switching element during the production as well as to reduce the number of production steps.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes (a) a first substrate, (b) a second substrate spaced away from and facing the first substrate, (c) a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, (d) a transistor formed on the first substrate, (e) a wiring layer formed on the first substrate and electrically connected to the transistor, (f) a reflection electrode formed on the first substrate, an external incident light being reflected at the reflection electrode towards a viewer, and (g) a compensation layer formed directly on the wiring layer. The reflection electrode does not cover the wiring layer therewith, and the compensation layer has almost the same height as a height of the reflection electrode, the height being measured from a surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: In order to improve processing steps of fabricating an active-matrix addressed reflective liquid crystal display, a lower substrate, which is positioned at one side with respect to a liquid crystal layer, is provided with two electrodes in parallel with each other and in parallel with the liquid crystal layer. One of the two electrodes is electrically coupled to a source electrode of a switching element assigned to one pixel, and the other electrode is electrically couple to a constant potential source. Each of the two electrodes has characteristics of light reflectivity, which is able to reduce the intensity of exposing light when an insulating layer provided above the electrodes is patterned.

Abstract: A reflection plate is formed so as to have a wavy surface, and to have uneven distribution of normal line directions of the surface in terms of a specific azimuth angle. The wavy surface is formed due to line-shaped protruding patterns and an insulation film layer. The protruding patterns intersect with one another to form concave portions each having a shape of a closed figure. The protruding patterns are formed by patterning such that they have almost uniform thickness.

Abstract: An OCB (optically compensated bend)-type liquid crystal display device is provided, which possesses high serviceability by suppressing disturbances of the liquid crystal molecules due to nearby electric fields or irregularities of the orientation surface.

Abstract: A reflection electrode has an undulated shape and whose normal direction is distributed unevenly to a specific azimuth angle and whose reflection light intensity depends on said azimuth angle. Openings are formed in that area of the reflection electrode which has a tilt angle of 0 degree to 2 degrees and/or a tilt angle of 10 degrees or higher. The retardation of a liquid crystal layer is changed by making the liquid crystal molecular alignment mode different between the openings and the reflection electrode, so that the intensity of output light is increased in reflection mode as well as in transmission mode. The balance of colors displayed in transmission mode is determined by determining the area of the openings in pixels of each color, and the color temperature is set higher in transmission mode than in reflection mode. This provides a semi-transmission type liquid crystal display which has an excellent visibility in reflection mode as well as in transmission mode.

Abstract: An opposite substrate of a reflection-type color liquid crystal display apparatus has a transparent insulation substrate made of glass or the like. An uneven portion is formed on a surface of the opposite substrate on the side of a liquid crystal. A flattened film made of acryl, polyimide or the like is formed to cover the uneven portion of the transparent insulation substrate. A common opposite electrode made of ITO or the like is formed on the flattened film. A liquid crystal orientation layer made of polyimide or the like is formed on the opposite electrode. A light scattering mechanism is constituted of said uneven portion of the transparent insulation substrate and the flattened film.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display according to the invention includes two glass substrates, a transparent electrode provided on one glass substrate, an insulator film which is provided on another glass substrate and on which an uneven structure is formed, a reflecting electrode provided on the insulator film, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a side of the transparent electrode and a side of the reflecting electrode. The insulator film includes a first insulating layer in which a large number of depressions isolated as surrounded by protrusions are irregularly arranged and a second insulating layer covering the insulating layer entirely. The protrusions are all connected in a network, so that if some of these protrusions have weaker adherence with an underlying layer, they can be supported by the surrounding protrusions.

Abstract: Alignment marks are formed when source and drain electrodes of a TFT are formed and thereon a thick red filter is formed. So that, the following respective color layers can be made thin on the red filter. Also, the exposure alignment laser permeates in an exposure step, and thereby the alignment marks can be accurately detected.

Abstract: Alignment marks are formed when source and drain electrodes of a TFT are formed and thereon a thick red filter in formed. So that, the following respective color layers can be made thin on the red filter. Also, the exposure alignment laser permeates in an exposure step, and thereby the alignment marks can be accurately detected.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including a glass substrate 53, a transparent electrode 55 arranged on the glass substrate, a glass substrate 40, a thin film transistor (TFT) 44 arranged on the glass substrate 40, an insulation film 45 arranged on the TFT 44 and having a convex/concave structure 45a on its surface, a reflection electrode 48 arranged along the convex/concave structure 45a and connected to the TFT 44, and a liquid crystal layer 56 sandwiched between the transparent electrode 55 and the reflection electrode 48. The insulation film 48 protects the TFT transistor 44 after being formed and has the convex/concave structure 45a formed irregular arrangement of regions having different film thickness values. Thus, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the switching element during the production as well as to reduce the number of production steps.

Abstract: An active matrix LCD device includes a pixel element for defining a pixel area and having a TFT and a pixel electrode disposed in association with a portion of a common electrode. The common electrode encircles the pixel area for shielding the electric field from the black matrix, thereby preventing a stray electric field from entering the pixel area and degrading the image quality.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display according to the invention includes two glass substrates, a transparent electrode provided on one glass substrate, an insulator film which is provided on another glass substrate and on which an uneven structure is formed, a reflecting electrode provided on the insulator film, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a side of the transparent electrode and a side of the reflecting electrode. The insulator film includes a first insulating layer in which a large number of depressions isolated as surrounded by protrusions are irregularly arranged and a second insulating layer covering the insulating layer entirely. The protrusions are all connected in a network, so that if some of these protrusions have weaker adherence with an underlying layer, they can be supported by the surrounding protrusions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus including a glass substrate 53, a transparent electrode 55 arranged on the glass substrate, a glass substrate 40, a thin film transistor (TFT) 44 arranged on the glass substrate 40, an insulation film 45 arranged on the TFT 44 and having a convex/concave structure 45a on its surface, a reflection electrode 48 arranged along the convex/concave structure 45a and connected to the TFT 44, and a liquid crystal layer 56 sandwiched between the transparent electrode 55 and the reflection electrode 48. The insulation film 48 protects the TFT transistor 44 after being formed and has the convex/concave structure 45a formed irregular arrangement of regions having different film thickness values. Thus, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the switching element during the production as well as to reduce the number of production steps.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a pixel substrate 1, a opposite substrate 2 and a liquid crystal layer 3 disposed between the pixel substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 2, the pixel substrate 1 has a transparent substrate 4, a pixel electrode 5 provided on the transparent substrate 4, an orientation control slope portion 6 which is provided on the pixel electrode 5, sloped in different directions within each pixel and formed of organic film such as acrylic resin, and an orientation layer 7 coated on the orientation control slope portion 6, and the opposite substrate 2 has a transparent substrate 8, a opposite electrode 9 provided on the transparent substrate 8 and an orientation layer 10 coated on the opposite electrode 9.

Abstract: A reflector for a reflection-type LCD device is provided, which reflects efficiently incident light to the viewer's side and that suppresses the change of color tone. The reflector comprises a roughened surface having a protrusion pattern. The protrusion pattern gives inclination angle to the surface according to a specific distribution where a first component with an inclination angle value of 0° is 15% or less in area and a second component with an inclination angle value from 2° to 10° is 50% or greater in area. The protrusion pattern gives a variation range of chromaticity coordinates (x, y) on a chromaticity diagram dependent on an angle of view. The variation range is limited in a circle on the chromaticity diagram. The circle has a radius of approximately 0.05 and a center at a point corresponding to white color.