Abstract: A manufacturing method of an electronic device includes forming a support layer that is provided to extend from a first surface of a functional layer formed on a first substrate via a first layer, as a surface on a side opposite to the first substrate, to the first substrate and supports the functional layer with respect to the first substrate, forming a thin film holding layer on at least one of the support layer and the first surface of the functional layer, removing the first layer, joining a transfer member to a surface of the thin film holding layer on a side opposite to the functional layer, separating the functional layer, the support layer and the thin film holding layer from the first substrate, transferring the functional layer, the support layer and the thin film holding layer to a different second substrate, and removing the thin film holding layer.

Abstract: A four-way valve (12) includes a valve housing (14) having a valve chamber (30) inside; connection openings (62, 64, 66) opening in the inner surface of the valve chamber (30); a slide valve element (24) for controlling communication between the connection openings (62, 64, 66) according to a sliding position thereof; and a drive mechanism for driving the slide valve element (24),the drive mechanism having a sleeve (80) defining a cylinder bore (86) inside; a piston (78) slidably fitted in the cylinder bore (86); a valve rod (76) attached with the slide valve element (24); a pilot pressure chamber (88) supplied with pilot pressure for sliding the piston (78); and an O-ring (94) supporting the sleeve (80) inside the valve housing (14), the O-ring (94) securing a gap (98) between the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve (80) and the inner circumferential surface of the valve housing (14).

Abstract: In a foot inclination angle measuring method of the present application, the shape of a foot 10 is measured in three dimensions. And, based on three-dimensional data on the measured shape of the foot 10, a two-dimensional cross section 30 of the foot 10 orienting in a front-rear direction, which includes a cross section of a heel of the foot 10, is obtained. Then, a central line C1 of the two-dimensional cross section 30 in a right-left direction is obtained and the angle of inward/outward inclination of the foot 10 is obtained from the angle of inclination (a) of the central line C1.

Abstract: In a foot inclination angle measuring method of the present application, the shape of a foot 10 is measured in three dimensions. And, based on three-dimensional data on the measured shape of the foot 10, a two-dimensional cross section 30 of the foot 10 orienting in a front-rear direction, which includes a cross section of a heel of the foot 10, is obtained. Then, a central line C1 of the two-dimensional cross section 30 in a right-left direction is obtained and the angle of inward/outward inclination of the foot 10 is obtained from the angle of inclination (a) of the central line C1.