Abstract: An optical body includes a first optical layer having a concave-convex surface, a wavelength selective reflecting layer formed on the concave-convex surface, and a second optical layer formed on the wavelength selective reflecting layer and embedding the concave-convex surface. The wavelength selective reflecting layer selectively directionally reflects light in a particular wavelength band while transmitting light other than the particular wavelength band therethrough. The concave-convex surface is made up of a plurality of triangular pillars arrayed in a one-dimensional pattern, and the triangular pillar has an apex angle ? and a slope angle ?, the apex angle ? and the slope angle ?satisfying a predetermined relationship.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a substrate that has a first unevenness structure including a plurality of first convex portions on one principal surface and a second unevenness structure formed on a surface of the first unevenness structure and including a plurality of second convex portions. A light-receiving element is formed on the one principal surface of the substrate and includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode in this order from the side of the substrate. At least the first electrode of the light-receiving element has a third unevenness structure replicated from one or both of the first and second unevenness structures on a surface opposite to the substrate.

Abstract: An optical body including an optical layer having a belt-like or rectangular shape and having an incident surface on which light is incident, and a reflective layer formed in the optical layer and having a corner cube shape, wherein the reflective layer directionally reflects the light incident on the incident surface at an incident angle (?, ?), and a direction of a ridge of the corner cube shape is substantially parallel to a lengthwise direction of the belt-shaped or rectangular optical layer. ? is an angle formed by a perpendicular line with respect to the incident surface and the incident light incident on the incident surface or reflected light emerging from the incident surface, and ? is an angle formed by the ridge of the corner cube shape and a component resulting from projecting the incident light or the reflected light to the incident surface).

Abstract: An optical body includes a substrate having a concave-convex surface, a reflecting layer formed on the concave-convex surface, and an optical layer formed on the reflecting layer to embed the concave-convex surface, wherein the reflecting layer directionally reflects light, the concave-convex surface is made up of a plurality of triangular pillars arrayed in a one-dimensional pattern, and the triangular pillar has an apex angle a and a slope angle ?, the apex angle ? and the slope angle ? satisfying a formula (1) or (2) given below: 30???4.5??285 (70???80)??(1) 30????1.

Abstract: An optical body includes a first optical layer, a second optical layer having an incident surface on which light is incident, and a reflecting layer sandwiched between the first and second optical layers, wherein the first optical layer includes a plurality of convex or concave structures formed on or in a surface thereof on which the reflecting layer is disposed, ridges of the convex structures or ridges between the concave structures adjacent to each other have tip portions projecting toward the incident surface side, the tip portions are deformed from an ideal shape, the second optical layer is transparent and has a refractive index of 1.1 or more and 1.9 or less, and the optical body selectively directionally reflects part of light entering the incident surface, which part is in a specific wavelength band, in direction other than the specular reflection direction.

Abstract: An optical element has a first optical layer; a reflective layer; and a second optical layer. The reflective layer includes at least five layers of high refractive-index layers and metal layers alternately laminated. When a thickness L of the entire reflective layer is 80 nm, a ratio ? of an optical thickness of the entire metal layers to that of the entire high refractive-index layers and a ratio ? of an optical thickness of a third high refractive-index layer to that of a first high refractive-index layer are included in a first region, when the thickness L is 90 nm, the ratios ? and ? are included in a second region, and when the thickness L is 80 to 90 nm, the ratios ? and ? are included in a space enclosed by the first region, the second region, and straight lines derived from these regions.

Abstract: A light-emitting device allowed to obtain polarized light without increasing the number of components or the thickness thereof, and a display including the light-emitting device are provided. The light-emitting device includes: a light-emitting element including, on a substrate, a first electrode, a light-emitting layer and a second electrode in order from the substrate. The substrate has, on a surface facing the first electrode, a first concavo-convex structure including a plurality of strip-shaped protrusion sections with a width equal to or smaller than an upper wavelength limit of visible light, and the first electrode, the light-emitting layer and the second electrode each have, on a surface opposite to a surface facing the substrate, a second concavo-convex structure imitating the protrusion sections of the first concavo-convex structure.

Abstract: An optical element is provided includes an optical layer having a flat incident surface on which light is incident and a wavelength-selective reflective layer disposed in the optical layer. Of light incident on the incident surface at an incident angle (?, ?), the optical element selectively directionally reflects light in at least one specific wavelength range in at least one direction other than a specular reflection direction (??, ?+180°) while transmitting light in at least one wavelength range other than the specific wavelength range, and is transparent to light in at least one wavelength range other than the specific wavelength range.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a mobile apparatus includes: a notification section configured to notify a user of an incoming mail by means of sound or vibration; a display section configured to display mail information related to the incoming mail; a setting section configured to set an operation time of the notification section and to store the operation time based on the user's operation; and a control section configured to activate the notification section during the operation time and to control the display section to scroll the mail information if the incoming mail is received. If the operation time elapses, the control section controls the display section to continue a scrolling unless an end part of the mail information is displayed.

Abstract: An externally-controlled fluid coupling includes a driving disk fixed to a driving rotational shaft, a case member and a cover member rotatably supported by the rotational shaft, a separating plate for forming an operation chamber and a storage chamber between the case member and the cover member, a supply passage for supplying the fluid to the operation chamber, a return passage for returning the fluid to the storage chamber, a supply/return valve for opening or closing the supply/return passage and an electromagnetic actuating apparatus including an electromagnet for actuating the supply/return valves. The electromagnet generates a first power of magnetism for actuating the supply valve and a second power of magnetism for actuating the return valve. The values of the first and second powers of magnetism are different from each other so that the supply valve and the return valve open/close nonsynchronously.

Abstract: In a projection type image display apparatus, it is intended to reliably facilitate assembly of optical members for polarization treatment and phase difference compensation of light. The optical members are each configured such that a protective layer such as a magnesium fluoride layer or an aluminum oxide layer is formed by vapor deposition over a light permeable substrate of cubic system structure comprising, for example, magnesium oxide and an adhesive layer is provided on the protective layer for fixing the element layers of a polarization element, a view angle compensation element, etc.

Abstract: In a radio communication apparatus, band-pass filters are provided in correspondence with a multiple-band receiver, a multiple-band transmitter and a GPS receiver, respectively. As radio frequency signals received by an external antenna on a vehicle-mounted adapter is inputted to the radio communication apparatus through the external connection terminal 22, signals in necessary frequency bands are passed by the band-pass filters so as to be inputted to the multiple-band receiver and the GPS receiver, respectively. This makes it possible for the connection terminal to be shared in radio communication by a cellular phone and in GPS reception with reception quality kept high both in the radio communication and the GPS reception to allow the number of external connection terminals to be reduced for providing further downsized and lightweight radio communication apparatus.

Abstract: A mobile terminal comprises a circuit for selectively setting one of two DUTY values, in a display timing generation circuit of a display drive circuit. A memory section includes a region information table storing a region including a position of the terminal, a commercial power frequency used in the region, and a command which is set in correspondence with the commercial power frequency. The stored region, commercial power frequency and set command correspond to position information of the terminal. The position information is acquired from a plurality of peripheral base stations to calculate the position of the terminal, when the terminal user performs resetting operations and the position registration procedures. The set command is read from the region information table in accordance with the position thus calculated. The set command is supplied to the display timing generation circuit, whereby one of two DUTY values is selected.

Abstract: A spread spectrum radiocommunication device includes a plurality of digital data demodulators which are independently operated to track the paths of a multipath radio signal transmitted from a to-be-communicated device and PN code generators each of which has a ROM storing PN codes and which are respectively provided in the digital data demodulators. In a control section, a ROM address latched by an address latch circuit is monitored and a PN address relative value is generated, and the PN address relative value is added to a basic address generated from an address counter in an address adder and the added address is supplied to the PN code ROM to generate a PN code.

Abstract: A panel heater comprising, on an upper surface of a metallic sheet (2) provided with PTC ceramics (1) on the back side thereof, a highly insulating material or an open space (4) at the portion corresponding to the back side portion to which the PTC ceramics are provided, with a material (3) for conducting heat from the metallic sheet being thus provided to the rest of the surface side of said metallic sheet, and a finishing sheet (5) being established on the upper surface of the whole structure. More preferably, the metallic sheet (2) is provided with equally spaced concave grooves with PTC ceramics (1) on the back plane of said grooves and a highly insulating material or an open space (4) inside said grooves, and a finishing sheet (5) established thereon. Accordingly, a simply structured panel heater resistant to heavy loads yet free from local overheating is provided.

Abstract: A mechanical seal, such as may advantageously be used for an automotive water pump or the like, in which the amount of frictional torque is significantly reduced. The seal includes a follower ring through which a rotary shaft rotatably passes and a seat ring rotated by the shaft. Recesses are formed in the abutting surface of at least one of the two rings, each recess being defined by a forward edge and a rear edge and opening only to the inner circumferential surface of the rings. The forward edge of each recess is inclined from the inner circumferential surface to the rear side in the direction of rotation of the follower ring relative to the seat ring, and the rear edge extends from the outer end of the forward edge along a radial line extending through substantially the center of the shaft.